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Electron-phonon interaction in flat-band superconductivity

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Authors
Ojajärvi, Risto
Date
2017
Discipline
Teoreettinen fysiikkaTheoretical Physics

 
Parhaiten tunnettu suprajohtavuuden syntymekanismi perustuu fononien välittämään vetovoimaan elektronien välillä. Tässä tutkielmassa tutkin fononien välittämää suprajohtavuutta systeemeissä, jossa elektronivyöt ovat tasomaisia. Tasovyöllä elektronien dispersio on erittäin heikko, jolloin tilatiheys on tavanomaista suurempi. Tämän takia suprajohtavuus tasovyöllä on tavanomaista voimakkaampi silloin kun elektronien välinen vetovoima on heikko. Eliashbergin teoria on elektroni–fononi-suprajohtavuuden teoria, joka ottaa luonnollisella tavalla fononien äärellisen nopeuden huomioon elektronien välisessä vuorovaikutuksessa. Pohjustuksena tasovyösuprajohtavuuteen perehdyn Eliashbergin teoriaan ensin Fermi-pinnalla. Tarkastelen myös Coulombin vuorovaikutuksen sekä fononispektrin vaikutusta Fermi-pinnan suprajohtavuuteen. Ratkon Eliashbergin teorian integraaliyhtälöryhmää eri tapauksissa numeerisesti. Tutkielmassa sovellan Eliashbergin teoriaa tasovyömallille ja johdan uusia tuloksia tässä mallissa. Redusoimalla Eliashbergin teorian staattisen vuorovaikutuksen rajalle saan selville tasovyön BCS-vuorovaikutusparametrin mikroskooppisten suureiden avulla ilmaistuna. Huomaan kriittisen lämpötilan olevan heikolla kytkennällä kytkinvakion suhteen lineaarinen, mikä vastaa aiempaa BCS-teorian ennustetta. Tämä lineaarisuus säilyy myös äärellisen litteillä dispersioilla. Tarkastelen myös tasovyöllä fononispektrin ja Coulombin vuorovaikutuksen vaikutusta suprajohtavuuteen. Konkreettisena esimerkkinä tasovyösysteemistä tutkin romboedrisen grafiitin pintatiloja. Romboedrisen grafiitin elektronista rakennetta tarkastelen matalan energian rajalla ja esittelen pintatilojen matemaattisen johdon. Muotoilen Eliashbergin teorian itsekonsistenssiyhtälöt romboedriselle grafiitille matriisimuodossa, mikä on myös uusi tulos. ...
 
The best-known mechanism for superconductivity is the phonon-mediated attractive interaction between electrons. In this thesis, I study phonon-mediated superconductivity in systems containing flat electronic bands. In the flat band, the electronic dispersion is very weak, which corresponds to a high density of states. For this reason, superconductivity in the flat band is stronger than in the Fermi surface when the attractive interaction is weak. The Eliashberg theory is a rigorous theoretical framework of electron-phonon superconductivity, which takes naturally into account the finite speed of the phonons in the interaction between the electrons. As a preparation for the study of the flat band superconductivity, I review the Eliashberg theory for the Fermi surface. I also consider the effects of the Coulomb interaction and of different phonon spectra to superconductivity in the Fermi surface. I solve the self-consistency equations of the Eliashberg theory numerically. I apply the Eliashberg theory to a flat band model, in which I obtain novel results. By reducing the Eliashberg theory to a limit of a static interaction, I find the flat-band BCS interaction constant in terms of microscopic parameters. I also find the critical temperature to be linear with respect to the interaction constant, which agrees with the earlier results based on the BCS theory. I examine the effects of the different phonon spectra and the Coulomb interaction on superconductivity also in the flat band. As a concrete example of a flat band system I study the surface states of rhombohedral graphite. I present the electronic structure of rhombohedral graphite within the lowenergy approximation and contruct the surface states. I obtain some new results by formulating the self-consistency equations of the Eliashberg theory for the rhombohedral graphite in an matrix form. ...
 
Keywords
suprajohtavuus elektroni-fononi-vuorovaikutus Eliashbergin teoria tasovyö romboedrinen grafiitti pintatilat superconductivity electron-phonon interaction Eliashberg theory flat band rombohedral graphite surface states elektronit fononit
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201705222445

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