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Topological properties of mono- and multilayer graphene, flat bands and surface superconductivity

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Authors
Moisala, Terhi
Date
2015
Discipline
Teoreettinen fysiikkaTheoretical Physics

 
Tutustun Pro Gradu -työssäni topologisiin materiaaleihin ja perehdyn grafeenin sekä romboedrisen grafiitin ominaisuuksiin tästä näkökulmasta. Erityisesti tutkin grafeenin alihilasymmetrian rikkoutumisen vaikutuksia grafiitissa lisäämällä heilahtelevan potentiaalin α grafeenin tight-binding -malliin. Lasken romboedrisen grafiitin matalaenergiatilat tight-binding -mallista ja saan tulokseksi, että α avaa energia-aukon, mutta säilyttää vyön tasomaisen muodon, joka on saatu artikkelissa [16]. Tutkin työssäni myös heilahtelevan potentiaalin vaikutusta romboedrisen grafiitin suprajohtaviin pintatiloihin. Päätulokseni on, että heilahteleva potentiaali rikkoo grafiitin pintojen välisen symmetrian ja tuottaa näille eri järjestysparametrit, kun systeemillä on äärellinen kemiallinen potentiaali. Muuttamalla kemiallista potentiaalia epäsymmetriaa voidaan kasvattaa niin, että suprajohtavuutta esiintyy vain toisella pinnalla. Saan lisäksi numeerisesta analyysistä epäsymmetriset ratkaisut myös silloin, kun kemiallista potentiaalia ei ole, mitä ei voida selittää tämän mallin avulla. Kyseessä saattaa olla metastabiili tila tai täysin numeerinen ongelma, jonka analyysin jätän myöhempiin tutkimuksiin. ...
 
In this thesis I study the symmetries and topological properties of graphene and rhombohedral graphite. To break the sublattice symmetry of graphene I add a staggering potential α to the model. I study the effect of α in graphite by calculating the low energy dispersion relations in the bulk and on the surfaces. I get as a result that α opens up a gap to the surface states of graphite, but retains the form of a flat band obtained in [16]. I also study the superconducting surface states of rhombohedral graphite in the presence of a staggering potential. I get that the staggering potential breaks the symmetry between the surface layers and produces different order parameters for the two surfaces in the presence of non-zero chemical potential. The asymmetry can be tuned with suitable doping such that the superconductivity occurs only on the other surface. I also obtain a peculiar asymmetry in the numerical solutions for the order parameters even for zero doping, that cannot be explained by the theory. This may be a metastable state or a numerical issue, that should be analysed in detail in future studies. ...
 
Keywords
superconductivity graphene graphite flat bands topological materials suprajohtavuus grafeeni
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201509082834

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