Small things matter : of phages and antibiotic resistance conferring plasmids
Julkaistu sarjassa
Jyväskylä studies in biological and environmental scienceTekijät
Päivämäärä
2016Oppiaine
Solu- ja molekyylibiologiaViruses and plasmids are small units of genetic material dependent on cells
either transiently or continuously. Intriguingly, stories of these small entities
intertwine in antibiotic resistance crisis. Horizontal gene transfer enables
bacteria to respond rapidly to chances in their environment. Anthropogenic
consumption of antibiotics induces the travel of resistance encoding genes
mainly as passengers of conjugative plasmids. In this thesis, I demonstrate that
clinically important resistance plasmids could evolutionarily rescue susceptible
bacteria under lethal antibiotic concentrations. If mobile resistance genes are
available in surrounding community, administration of high doses of antibiotic
might not be enough to treat some bacterial infections – calling for alternatives
to fight multi-resistant bacteria and interfere the spread and maintenance of
resistance. Phage therapy, utilization of bacterial viruses against bacteria, could
be one such avenue. In this thesis plasmid-depended phage PRD1 was studied
in itself and as a tool to be utilized against resistance plasmid carrying bacteria.
Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed interaction between
two virus entry related membrane proteins and zymogram analysis overruled a
previous model of the lytic enzyme residing at the genome-packaging vertex.
Bacterial resistance to PRD1 was linked with either lost or impaired conjugation
ability, that could restore only when the initial resistance-conferring mutation
was a dynamic tandem repeat insertion. Promisingly, the reversion also
returned the susceptibility to the phage. Yet, as plasmid-dependent phages are
currently available only against some resistance plasmids, an alternative
approach, on-demand isolation of phages, was investigated against common
nosocomial pathogens. Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Enterococcus phages
were scarce in the environmental reservoir whereas phages against E. coli, K.
pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella strains could often be isolated as
needed. Altogether, different manifestations of phage-therapy may provide
answers to the current antibiotic resistance crisis.
...
Julkaisija
University of JyväskyläISBN
978-951-39-6766-6ISSN Hae Julkaisufoorumista
1456-9701Asiasanat
Metadata
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