Life cycle methods for environmental assessment of nanotechnology
Tämä tutkielma on kirjallisuuskatsaus, joka antaa yleissilmäyksen erilaisiin elinkaarimetodeihin, joilla voidaan arvioida nanoteknologiaa sisältävien tuotteiden ympäristövaikutuksia. Työssä selvitetään elinkaariajattelun tärkeys ja kuvataan erilaisia ympäristöarviointimenetelmiä. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellut menetelmät ovat elinkaariarvionti (LCA), hiilijalanjälki, vesijalanjälki, ekologinen jalanjälki ja ekologinen selkäreppu (MIPS). Työ käsittelee nanoteknologiaan liittyviä ympäristöasioita ja tarkastelee elinkaarimenetelmien soveltamista ja soveltuvuutta nanoteknologiaan. Työn tuloksena raportoidaan, että kuvatut ympäristöarviointimenetelmät soveltuvat nanoteknologian vaikutusten arviointiin, mutta toisaalta nanoteknologiaan liittyvät ympäristövaikutukset ovat vielä huonosti tunnettuja. This thesis is a literature review giving an overview of different life cycle methods that can be used to assess the environmental impacts of products containing nanotechnology. The importance of the life cycle concept is explained and the different environmental assessment methods are described. The methods reviewed in this thesis are life cycle assessment (LCA), carbon footprint, water footprint, ecological footprint, and material input per service unit (MIPS). The environmental aspects related to nanotechnology are discussed and the application and applicability of life cycle methods to nanotechnology are explored. The thesis concludes that the described assessment methods are applicable to nanotechnology but also that there are major knowledge gaps in the environmental impacts of nanotechnology.
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