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dc.contributor.authorIlander, Aki
dc.date.accessioned2011-06-20T08:56:26Z
dc.date.available2011-06-20T08:56:26Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.identifier.isbn978-951-39-4358-5
dc.identifier.otheroai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1162947
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/27202
dc.description.abstractThe present thesis introduces several ultrasound-assisted digestion methods developed for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Ultrasound-assisted digestion is a quite new technique used for sample pre-treatment purposes, especially in difficult sample matrixes. Elements determined are As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, V, and Zn. Most of the elements determined exist at a trace or ultra trace level in ashes and most are potential risks in the environment or human body even at low concentrations. Most of the selected elements can be determined directly by ICP-OES, but for the determination of Sb the hydride generation technique (HG-ICP-OES) is needed. The accurate analysis of As can be performed with the direct ICP-OES measurement and with the HG device. Several optimization procedures for digestion methods and ICP-OES measurements were performed. The homogeneity of ultrasound field in the water bath, the robustness of plasma conditions, the optimization of digestion time and the composition of acid mixture were investigated. Interferences of determination procedures were minimized by using matrix matched calibration solutions, optimized volumes of reagents and by performing the measurements under robust plasma conditions. The methods developed were evaluated by statistical tools, reference material and method, recovery tests and multiple linear regression technique. All the methods developed were tested with real ash samples. The suggested analytical procedures were summarised and achieved results were compared with other results published. This thesis is based on four scientific papers: two of them are more focused on the study of ultrasound-assisted digestion (I,II) and the other two are focused on investigations of interferences in the measurements and the determination of hydride forming elements (III,IV).
dc.format.extent58, [30] sivua
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherUniversity of Jyväskylä
dc.relation.ispartofseriesResearch report / Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä
dc.subject.otheraska
dc.subject.otherspektrometri
dc.subject.otherultraljud
dc.subject.othergiftighet
dc.subject.otherash
dc.subject.otherhydride generation
dc.subject.otherinductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
dc.subject.otherinterference
dc.subject.othertoxic element
dc.subject.otherultrasound-assisted digestion
dc.subject.otherpolymorph
dc.subject.othercocrystal
dc.subject.othersolvate
dc.subject.othersupramolecular synthon
dc.subject.otheragrochemical
dc.subject.otherX-ray crystallography
dc.subject.othersupramolecular chemistry
dc.subject.otherstructural chemistry
dc.titleDevelopment of ultrasound-assisted digestion methods for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by ICP-OES
dc.typeDiss.
dc.identifier.urnURN:ISBN:978-951-39-4358-5
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.ontasotVäitöskirjafi
dc.type.ontasotDoctoral dissertationen
dc.contributor.tiedekuntaMatemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekuntafi
dc.contributor.tiedekuntaFaculty of Mathematics and Scienceen
dc.contributor.laitosKemian laitosfi
dc.contributor.yliopistoUniversity of Jyväskyläen
dc.contributor.yliopistoJyväskylän yliopistofi
dc.contributor.oppiaineKemiafi
dc.relation.issn0357-346X
dc.relation.numberinseriesno. 144
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.subject.ysotuhka
dc.subject.ysospektrometria
dc.subject.ysoultraääni
dc.subject.ysomyrkyllisyys
dc.subject.ysomaatalouskemikaalit
dc.subject.ysotorjunta-aineet


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