The speed of environmental change affects the likelihood of evolutionary rescue in Serratia marcescens
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2020Copyright
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Ilmastonmuutoksen kiihtyessä ja ihmisen aiheuttamien ympäristövaikutusten laajentuessa lajien on sopeuduttava yhä nopeammin. Jos populaatiolla ei ole fenotyyppistä plastisuutta tai mahdollisuutta siirtyä uudelle alueelle, sen on kyettävä hyödyntämään jo olemassa olevaa geneettistä materiaalia tai tuotettava uusia kelpoisuutta lisääviä mutaatioita. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkoitukseni oli testata, miten populaation evolutiivinen tausta ja ympäristönmuutoksen nopeus vaikuttavat populaation kykyyn selviytyä muuttuvissa ympäristöolosuhteissa. Altistin tasaisessa ja vaihtelevassa lämpötilassa kasvatettuja Serratia marcescens spp. DB11 –klooneja kahdelle eri lämpökäsittelylle (hidas ja nopea) tarkastellakseni vaikuttiko aiempi lämpökäsittely populaatioiden kykyyn selviytyä äärilämpötilassa. Kumpikin lämpökäsittely päättyi ennalta määriteltyihin maksimilämpötiloihin (39,5 ja 40,0 °C). Kokeen tulokset osoittavat, että lämpötilan hidas muutos mahdollistaa populaation paremman kasvun äärilämpötilassa ja lisää selviytymisen mahdollisuutta. Evolutiivisella taustalla ei ole merkittävää vaikutusta populaatiokokoon eikä selviytymiseen. Tulosteni perusteella nopeat muutokset ympäristöolosuhteissa rajoittavat lajien kykyä sopeutua, ja tämän takia ilmastonmuutoksen aiheuttamilla sään ääri-ilmiöillä ja habitaattien katoamisella on huomattavia vaikutuksia populaatioiden geneettiseen sopeutumiskykyyn, ellei ilmastonmuutosta pystytä hidastamaan.
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As climate change accelerates and habitats free from anthropogenic impacts diminish, populations are forced to adapt quickly. If a population does not have suitable phenotypic plasticity or lacks the ability to migrate, genetic adaptation is the sole way to avert extinction. Evolutionary rescue (ER) is a phenomenon, in which a population that has experienced a population decline due to changed environmental conditions, is able to recover through standing genetic variation or mutation. I tested how the evolutionary background and the speed of environmental change affect populations’ ability to recover through ER by exposing clonal populations of Serratia marcescens spp. DB11 to two different rates of steady temperature increase. Prior to this experiment the clones were subjected to three different thermal treatments resulting in different evolutionary backgrounds. The thermal treatments were stopped once both treatments reached the pre-defined maximum temperatures of 39.5 and 40.0 °C. The results indicate that a slower environmental change allows populations to grow and recover more efficiently when exposed to environmental extremes resulting in a higher likelihood for ER. Moreover, the evolutionary background has no significant effect on growth or the likelihood of ER, which emphasises the importance that the speed of environmental change has on adaptation. These results underline the importance of understanding how the speed of environmental change affects populations’ genetic adaptation, and what kind of consequences climate change could have unless it is slowed down.
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