Effects of biodiversity on the competitive success of the invasive alien vine Calystegia sepium (L.)
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2019Access restrictions
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Yhteisöt syntyvät vuorovaikutuksista, kun lajit vuorovaikuttavat keskenään kilpailun
ja fasilitaation kautta. Kasviyhteisöjen eri lajit tarvitsevat samankaltaisia resursseja
kuten valoa, tilaa, vettä ja ravinteita. Näiden resurssien saamiseen joko kilpailun
tai fasilitaation kautta on syntynyt monia strategioita. Vuorovaikutuksista nivoutuva
monimutkainen verkosto on kuitenkin altis haitallisten vieraslajien invaasioille,
jotka saattavat pysyvästi muuttaa yhteisön rakennetta ja toimintaa. Eltonin
hypoteesin mukaan monimuotoisemmat yhteisöt olisivat vastustuskykyisempiä
biologisia invaasioita vastaan, mutta tieteellistä yksimielisyyttä asiasta ei vielä ole.
Muuttuvassa maailmassa, jossa yhä useampia yhteisöjä uhkaavat vieraslajit,
kaikki työkalut ja tieto suojelun edistämiseksi ovat tarpeen. Tämän tutkimuksen
tavoitteena oli lisätä tietoa haitallisten vieraslajien dynamiikasta, sekä parantaa
tietämystä yksittäisen lajin torjumiseksi. Koeasetelmassa testattiin Eltonin
hypoteesia kasvihuoneoloissa, joissa karhunköynnös (Calystegia sepium) kilpaili
viiden kotoperäisen lajin kanssa vaihtelevissa monimuotoisuuden tasoissa.
Korkeampi monimuotoisuus alensi karhunköynnöksen juuri-verso -suhdetta sekä
hidasti suhteellista kasvunopeutta (RGR). Kuivapainoon ei havaittu vaikutusta.
Kilpailija-lajien identiteetti vaikutti eri tavoin kuin lajien monimuotoisuus.
Monimuotoisuudella havaittiin tärkeä rooli vieraslajin kilpailumenestyksen
hillitsijänä. Vieraslajien invaasioiden määrän ollessa kasvussa,
luonnonsuojelubiologiassa monimuotoisuuden tulisi olla tärkeä kohde
suojelutoimille.
...
Communities are born of interactions. Species both facilitate and compete, and
these interactions often span from intra-specific to transcending trophic levels. In a
plant community species require similar resources, including space, water, light
and essential elements and compounds. Different strategies governing
competition, growth and survival are used to gain prominence. The intricate
network formed around facilitative and competitive interactions is, however, easily
disturbed by invasive alien species. These harmful species of foreign origin can
have serious ramifications on the characteristics and functioning of the community.
Stated by Elton’s hypothesis, high diversity improves resistance against biological
invasions, but no scientific consensus on the matter exists. In this modern age of
biological invasions, all tools for furthering the goals of conservation biology are
needed. This study was conducted to gain an insight into invasive species
dynamics and specific species prevention. In a greenhouse experiment an
invasive vine Calystegia sepium was set against five species of different identities
found in Finland. The effects of increasing species diversity on the growth of
Calystegia sepium were measured. Diversity decreased Calystegia sepium root to
shoot ratio and its RGR, but to no effect on total dry mass. Competitor identities
affected different aspects of Calystegia growth. Upon this study can be concluded
that biodiversity is a pivotal factor in determining invader performance. Thus, as
the rate of biological invasions increases, conservation efforts should be directed
towards preserving diversity.
...




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