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Effects of biodiversity on the competitive success of the invasive alien vine Calystegia sepium (L.)

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Authors
Soininen, Jaakko
Date
2019
Discipline
Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologiaEcology and evolutionary biology
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Yhteisöt syntyvät vuorovaikutuksista, kun lajit vuorovaikuttavat keskenään kilpailun ja fasilitaation kautta. Kasviyhteisöjen eri lajit tarvitsevat samankaltaisia resursseja kuten valoa, tilaa, vettä ja ravinteita. Näiden resurssien saamiseen joko kilpailun tai fasilitaation kautta on syntynyt monia strategioita. Vuorovaikutuksista nivoutuva monimutkainen verkosto on kuitenkin altis haitallisten vieraslajien invaasioille, jotka saattavat pysyvästi muuttaa yhteisön rakennetta ja toimintaa. Eltonin hypoteesin mukaan monimuotoisemmat yhteisöt olisivat vastustuskykyisempiä biologisia invaasioita vastaan, mutta tieteellistä yksimielisyyttä asiasta ei vielä ole. Muuttuvassa maailmassa, jossa yhä useampia yhteisöjä uhkaavat vieraslajit, kaikki työkalut ja tieto suojelun edistämiseksi ovat tarpeen. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli lisätä tietoa haitallisten vieraslajien dynamiikasta, sekä parantaa tietämystä yksittäisen lajin torjumiseksi. Koeasetelmassa testattiin Eltonin hypoteesia kasvihuoneoloissa, joissa karhunköynnös (Calystegia sepium) kilpaili viiden kotoperäisen lajin kanssa vaihtelevissa monimuotoisuuden tasoissa. Korkeampi monimuotoisuus alensi karhunköynnöksen juuri-verso -suhdetta sekä hidasti suhteellista kasvunopeutta (RGR). Kuivapainoon ei havaittu vaikutusta. Kilpailija-lajien identiteetti vaikutti eri tavoin kuin lajien monimuotoisuus. Monimuotoisuudella havaittiin tärkeä rooli vieraslajin kilpailumenestyksen hillitsijänä. Vieraslajien invaasioiden määrän ollessa kasvussa, luonnonsuojelubiologiassa monimuotoisuuden tulisi olla tärkeä kohde suojelutoimille. ...
 
Communities are born of interactions. Species both facilitate and compete, and these interactions often span from intra-specific to transcending trophic levels. In a plant community species require similar resources, including space, water, light and essential elements and compounds. Different strategies governing competition, growth and survival are used to gain prominence. The intricate network formed around facilitative and competitive interactions is, however, easily disturbed by invasive alien species. These harmful species of foreign origin can have serious ramifications on the characteristics and functioning of the community. Stated by Elton’s hypothesis, high diversity improves resistance against biological invasions, but no scientific consensus on the matter exists. In this modern age of biological invasions, all tools for furthering the goals of conservation biology are needed. This study was conducted to gain an insight into invasive species dynamics and specific species prevention. In a greenhouse experiment an invasive vine Calystegia sepium was set against five species of different identities found in Finland. The effects of increasing species diversity on the growth of Calystegia sepium were measured. Diversity decreased Calystegia sepium root to shoot ratio and its RGR, but to no effect on total dry mass. Competitor identities affected different aspects of Calystegia growth. Upon this study can be concluded that biodiversity is a pivotal factor in determining invader performance. Thus, as the rate of biological invasions increases, conservation efforts should be directed towards preserving diversity. ...
 
Keywords
Biodiversity Competition Functional groups Interactions Invasive alien species Invasion resistance Plant communities monimuotoisuus biodiversiteetti tulokaslajit kasviyhdyskunnat vieraslajit diversity biodiversity invasive species plant communities introduced species
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201911074765

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