From disaster to development : parliamentary debate analysis: Atomausstieg and securitization
Tutkimukseni tehtävänä on selvittää, mitä turvallisuusargumentteja käytettiin Saksan parlamentaarisissa debateissa, jotka koskivat atomivoimasta luopumista vuonna 2011 maaliskuusta kesäkuuhun, jolloin keskustelu oli vilkkainta. Alkupäivämäärä määräytyi Fukushiman ydinonnettomuuden mukaan ja loppupäivämäärän määritteli hetki, jolloin Saksan parlamentti, Bundestag, hyväksyi uusia lakeja liittyen ydinenergian käyttöön ja rajoittamiseen. Ydinenergian käytön rajoittamiseen ja poistamiseen viitataan termillä Atomausstieg. Taustoitan työtä keskustelemalla ensin parlamentaarisista debateista yleensä, sitten turvallistamisesta ja energiaturvallisuudesta. Aineistossani viittaukset Fukushiman ydinonnettomuuteen ovat yleisiä, mutta debatit sisältävät myös useita muita uhkia ja näkökulmia. Keskeiset asiat tutkimuksessani ovatkin turvallisuusuhat niiden eri muodoissa, jotka ydinenergian käyttö tuo mukanaan. Tutkimukseni tulokset osoittavat, kuinka laaja ja moninainen energiaturvallisuus ilmiönä on sisältäen useita eri osa-aloja ja turvallisuusuhkia alkaen energian tuotannon turvaamisesta, terrorismin ja ympäristökatastrofin uhkaan, aina valtioiden välisten suhteiden ylläpitoon asti. Aineistoni valossa tutkimani energiaturvallisuusdebatit muodostavat oman ryhmänsä erottuen aiemmista debateista.
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The aim of this research is to explore what kind of safety and security arguments are used in German parliamentary debates regarding the use of nuclear energy from March 2011 till June 2011 when the discussions were most pressing. The time span begins with the nuclear disaster of Fukushima and ends with the German parliament, Bundestag, passing new bills which constrict the use of nuclear energy. The reduction and ending the use of nuclear energy is referred to by the term Atomausstieg. In the theoretical framework, I discuss parliamentary debates, securitization and energy safety and security - this section functions also as my research method. In light of the data, references to the nuclear disaster are common, but the debates also entail several other threats. Pivotal phenomena in this research, therefore, are the various energy safety and security threats posed by nuclear energy. The results show that energy safety and security issues regarding nuclear power are numerous and varied starting from a secured energy production, followed by threats of terrorism and environmental catastrophes, and continuing with concerns over foreign relations. Also, the results show that these debates comprise a particular time span among the decades when Atomausstieg has been deliberated upon.
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