Monte Carlo simulations of high-energy electron beams : model validation and dose calculations
Komponenttisäteilytykseen valjastetusta Varian Clinac 2100 C/D -lineaarikiihdyttimestä luotiin Monte Carlo -menetelmiä hyödyntävä simulaatiomalli. Malli luotiin aineen ja säteilyn vuorovaikutuksien laskennalliseen mallintamiseen tarkoitettua Geant4 -ohjelmointityökalupakettia käyttäen. Mallin kyky ennustaa mittaustuloksia kiihdyttimen tuottamasta 20 MeV:in elektronisuihkusta todennettiin laskettuja ja mitattuja tuloksia vertailemalla, ja mallin jatkokehityksen kannalta tärkeimmät toimenpiteet määriteltiin. Lisäksi arvioitiin mallin ennustamaa absorpoitunutta annosta vesi- ja piifantomeissa, sekä laskettiin viitearvo absorpoituneen annoksen ja elektronivuon suhteelle. Lasketut annosprofiilit vastasivat mittaustuloksia hyvin, mutta tulosten välillä oli pieniä johdonmukaisia poikkeamia, jotka selittyivät laskennallisen mallin elektronisuihkun odotettua suuremmilla matalaenergisten elektronien ja fotonien osuuksilla. Poikkeamat suihkun hiukkaskoostumuksessa ja energiajakaumassa johtuivat todennäköisesti kiihdyttimen sirontakalvojen mallista, joka perustui kirjallisuudesta löydettyihin viitearvoihin tarkkojen materiaali- ja mittatietojen puuttuessa. Lisäksi laskennallissa tuloksissa havaittiin hienoista tilastollista epätarkkuutta jota on mahdollista karsia suurentamalla primäärielektronien otoskokoa suuremman laskentatehon ollessa saatavilla.
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A Monte Carlo simulation model of a Varian Clinac 2100 C/D linear accelerator was created in the context of studying radiation effects in electronics. The model was created using Geant4 programming toolkit for modeling the interactions of radiation and matter. The model’s ability to predict measurement results about a 20 MeV electron beam was validated by comparing the computed and measured results and recommended steps of future research and development work were defined. Also the absorbed dose in water and silicon phantoms predicted by the model were evaluated and a reference value for the ratio of the absorbed dose and incident electron fluence was calculated. The computed dose profiles were found to be in good agreement with the measured results, but consistent minor deviations between the results were also observed. The differences between the computed and measured results were tracked down to unexpectedly high fractions of low-energy electrons and photons in the computed beam. These anomalies are most likely a consequence of the dual
scattering foil model used in the simulation. The model of this part of the accelerator was based on reference values found from literature in the lack of more validated data. In addition, there was small inherent statistical uncertainty to the results which can be done away by increasing the sample size of primary electrons when greater computational power is available.
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