Behaviour of sediment-associated silver nanoparticles and their toxicity to Lumbriculus variegatus
The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in industry and consumer
products results in the increasing environmental concentrations of AgNPs. In
the aquatic environment, sediment is the major sink for the AgNPs. The
behaviour and toxicity of AgNPs in sediments is largely unknown, and
therefore the potential risk to the benthic ecosystems is difficult to predict. The
aim of this thesis was to study the toxicity and uptake of uncoated AgNPs (uc-AgNPs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs (PVP-AgNPs) to Lumbriculus
variegatus in sediment exposures. Also, the association of AgNP-originated
dissolved Ag with sediment components was studied using a sequential
extraction method. Studies were conducted in natural and artificial sediments
using silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a positive control for the toxicity and behaviour
of silver ions (Ag+). The toxicity of AgNPs was lower than toxicity of AgNO3 in
all the tested sediments. The properties of both the sediment and AgNPs were
found to influence the environmental behaviour of AgNPs. The PVP-coating on
AgNPs increased the bioaccumulation of Ag in alkaline artificial and natural
sediments, whereas the bioaccumulation of uc-AgNPs was low. The toxicity of
uc-AgNPs and PVP-AgNPs was comparably enhanced in acidic artificial
sediment. Firstly, the dissolution of AgNPs was increased by low pH and
secondly, the toxicity of Ag+ was further enhanced in acidic sediment. AgNP-originated dissolved Ag was observed to associate strongly with the sediment
components, and only a small proportion of Ag was bioaccessible. The
bioaccessibility differed among the sediments and was higher with PVP-AgNPs
than uc-AgNPs. The toxicity of AgNPs seemed to be a function of Ag+ and no
nano-specific toxicity was observed. According to our findings, the acute
toxicity of AgNPs to L. varigatus is not expected to be higher than the toxicity of
AgNO3.
...
Publisher
University of JyväskyläISBN
978-951-39-7105-2ISSN Search the Publication Forum
1456-9701Keywords
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