Antropogeeninen ympäristönmuutos ja luonnonvaraisten eläinten urbanisoituminen
Ihmisväestön kasvu valtaa jatkuvasti lisää pinta-alaa luonnontilaisilta alueilta. Ympäristön
muuttuminen urbaanimmaksi vähentää luonnonvaraisten eläinten elintilaa merkittävästi, ja
eläinten yhdeksi vaihtoehdoksi tarjoutuu uusien elinalueiden etsiminen urbaanista
ympäristöstä. Osa eläimistä kykeneekin sopeutumaan urbaaneihin ekosysteemeihin.
Urbaanissa elinympäristössä, kuten luonnossakin, on toisinaan tyhjiä ekolokeroita ja
näiden ekolokeroiden täyttäminen sekä urbaanien alueiden kolonisoiminen on erityisesti
pienille ja runsaslukuisille linnuille ja nisäkkäille mahdollista. Kaupunkiekosysteemit
rajoittavat migraatiota eniten ravinnon ja sopivan elintilan suhteen ja siksi on melko
tavanomaista nähdä esimerkiksi kesykyyhkyjä tai kaniineja suurissa kasvukeskuksissa
suurten eläinten sijasta. Vaivattomamman ravinnonhankinnan ja elintilan tavoitteleminen
on luonnonvaraisille eläimille hetki hetkeltä yksinkertaisempaa, koska urbaani ympäristö
ulottuu yhä kauemmas luontoon aina liikenneinfrastruktuurista lähtien.
...
The growth of human population is increasingly taking over the space from natural habitats.
Environment change from rural to urban decreases significantly the range of wild animals
and thus wild animals are brought in with the option to seek for new habitat to live
from urban areas inhabited by humans. Some of the wild animals are able to settle to urban
areas. In urban areas as in nature exists empty ecological niches which might be available
especially for small mammals and birds appearing in large amounts. Urban ecosystems
limit the migration of animals by the amount of food resources and suitable range to live
and thus it is quite common to see for example pigeons or rabbits inhabiting large urban
centers of growth instead of large wild animals. For wild animals, obtaining new less energy
consuming food resources and range is simpler by the minute because urban structures
made by human are reaching farther all the time, starting from the roads and railways.


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