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Antropogeeninen ympäristönmuutos ja luonnonvaraisten eläinten urbanisoituminen

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Authors
Saltiola, Sami
Date
2012
Discipline
Ympäristötiede ja -teknologia

 
Ihmisväestön kasvu valtaa jatkuvasti lisää pinta-alaa luonnontilaisilta alueilta. Ympäristön muuttuminen urbaanimmaksi vähentää luonnonvaraisten eläinten elintilaa merkittävästi, ja eläinten yhdeksi vaihtoehdoksi tarjoutuu uusien elinalueiden etsiminen urbaanista ympäristöstä. Osa eläimistä kykeneekin sopeutumaan urbaaneihin ekosysteemeihin. Urbaanissa elinympäristössä, kuten luonnossakin, on toisinaan tyhjiä ekolokeroita ja näiden ekolokeroiden täyttäminen sekä urbaanien alueiden kolonisoiminen on erityisesti pienille ja runsaslukuisille linnuille ja nisäkkäille mahdollista. Kaupunkiekosysteemit rajoittavat migraatiota eniten ravinnon ja sopivan elintilan suhteen ja siksi on melko tavanomaista nähdä esimerkiksi kesykyyhkyjä tai kaniineja suurissa kasvukeskuksissa suurten eläinten sijasta. Vaivattomamman ravinnonhankinnan ja elintilan tavoitteleminen on luonnonvaraisille eläimille hetki hetkeltä yksinkertaisempaa, koska urbaani ympäristö ulottuu yhä kauemmas luontoon aina liikenneinfrastruktuurista lähtien. ...
 
The growth of human population is increasingly taking over the space from natural habitats. Environment change from rural to urban decreases significantly the range of wild animals and thus wild animals are brought in with the option to seek for new habitat to live from urban areas inhabited by humans. Some of the wild animals are able to settle to urban areas. In urban areas as in nature exists empty ecological niches which might be available especially for small mammals and birds appearing in large amounts. Urban ecosystems limit the migration of animals by the amount of food resources and suitable range to live and thus it is quite common to see for example pigeons or rabbits inhabiting large urban centers of growth instead of large wild animals. For wild animals, obtaining new less energy consuming food resources and range is simpler by the minute because urban structures made by human are reaching farther all the time, starting from the roads and railways.
 
Keywords
antropogeeninen eläin ihmislähtöinen luonnonvarainen urbanisoituminen ympäristönmuutos anthropogenic environment change urbanization wild-life
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201503031411

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