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Impacts of biomanipulation on lake ecosystem structure revealed by stable isotope analysis

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Published in
Jyväskylä studies in biological and environmental science
Authors
Syväranta, Jari
Date
2008
Discipline
Limnologia ja hydrobiologia

 
Rehevöityneiden järvien ravintoketjukunnostus epäonnistuu useinJärvien ravintoketjukunnostusta eli biomanipulaatiota on käytetty paljon rehevöityneiden järvien kunnostuksessa. Biomanipulaatiossa pyritään poistamaan järvestä pieniä eläinplanktonia syöviä kalalajeja, lähinnä eri särkikaloja ja pieniä ahvenia, jolloin eläinplanktonin määrä ja yksilökoko kasvavat. Tällöin kasviplanktonia ravintonaan käyttävä eläinplankton pystyy paremmin kontrolloimaan kasviplanktonin määrää järvessä. Biomanipulaation onnistumisen kriteerinä voidaan siis pitää kasviplanktonin määrän vähenemistä ja siitä aiheutuvaa veden kirkastumista. - Varsin suoraviivaisesta teoriasta huolimatta saavutetut tulokset eivät aina ole hyviä, ja monesti onnistuneidenkin biomanipulaatioiden tulokset ovat olleet varsin lyhytkestoisia. Syitä epäonnistumiselle ei tarkkaan tiedetä, koska biomanipulaation vaikutuksia koko järven ekosysteemiin on varsin hankalaa ja työlästä tutkia, Syväranta kertoo. Syväranta tutki biomanipulaation vaikutuksia järviekosysteemin rakenteeseen ja toimintaan käyttämällä luonnossa esiintyviä hiilen ja typen vakaita isotooppeja. Tutkimus täydentää Jyväskylän Jyväsjärven tutkimushanketta, jossa biomanipulaation vaikutuksia järven kasvi- ja eläinplanktonlajistoon sekä kalakantaan on tutkittu pääasiassa perinteisin menetelmin. Näiden avulla voi kuitenkin olla vaikeata ja työlästä saada tietoa kalapopulaatioiden ekolokeromuutoksista, ravintoketjutason muutoksista eri lajeilla tai etenkin järven ranta- ja ulappa-alueen perustuotannon muuttuneesta merkityksestä ravintoketjun eri tasoille. Luonnossa esiintyvien vakaiden isotooppisuhteiden määritykseen perustuva tekniikka tuo uutta tietoa biomanipulaation vaikutuksista ekosysteemitasolla. ...
 
Impacts of biomanipulation on lake ecosystem structure revealed by stable isotope analysis Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is an increasing problem, especially threatening small and shallow freshwater lakes. While the extreme inputs of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) can nowadays be reduced and controlled rather efficiently, additional measures to reverse eutrophication may be needed. These often involve biomanipulation, typically mass removal of cyprinid fish. However, the success of biomanipulations has many times been limited or short lived. The reasons for this are not well known, perhaps because the more subtle impacts of biomanipulation on the ecosystem-wide processes of lakes have not been thoroughly studied. Natural abundance stable isotopes may provide a cost-effective tool to study such ecosystem level impacts of food web perturbations. In this thesis, I used stable isotope analysis (SIA) to study the impacts of biomanipulation on lake ecosystem properties in Jyväsjärvi, a lake recovering from severe eutrophication. Variability in stable isotope signatures within the studied lake was examined as a prerequisite for reliable SIA. Temporarily lower δ15N values of fish in one area of Jyväsjärvi resulted from extensive fish migration into Jyväsjärvi from the connected lake Päijänne. Stable isotope data indicated that the migration was considerably reduced following biomanipulation and the immigrant fish from Päijänne did not quickly recolonise Jyväsjärvi. Isotopes also indicated significant changes in feeding niche widths of perch and roach after fish removals. From a wider perspective, contribution from pelagic energy sources to higher trophic levels in the Jyväsjärvi ecosystem increased after biomanipulation, in contrast to expectation. To enhance the potential of SIA in ecological studies, I also tested the possibility of using archived sample materials in retrospective SIA, which could allow for longer time perspectives in such ecosystem studies. I found that typical archived freshwater samples do provide valid materials for SIA
 
Publisher
University of Jyväskylä
ISBN
978-951-39-3101-8
ISSN Search the Publication Forum
1456-9701
Contains publications
  • Artikkeli I: Syväranta, J., Hämäläinen, H. & Jones R. I. (2006). Within-lake variability in carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures. Freshwater Biology 51, 1090-1102. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01557.x
  • Artikkeli I: Syväranta, J., Keskinen, T., Hämäläinen, H., Karjalainen, J., & Jones, R. (2008). Use of stable isotope analysis to evaluate the possible impact of fish migration on a lake biomanipulation. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 18, 703-713. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.892
  • Artikkeli III: Syväranta, J., & Jones, R. (2008). Changes in feeding niche widths of perch and roach following biomanipulation, revealed by stable isotope analysis. Freshwater Biology, 53, 425-434. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01905.x
  • Artikkeli IV: Syväranta, J., Högmander, P., Keskinen, T., Karjalainen, J., & Jones, R. (2011). Altered energy flow pathways in a lake ecosystem following manipulation of fish community structure.. Aquatic Sciences, 73(1), 79-89. DOI: 10.1007/s00027-010-0161-8
  • Artikkeli V: Syväranta, J., Vesala, S., Rask, M., Ruuhijärvi, J., & Jones, R. (2008). Evaluating the utility of stable isotope analyses of archived freshwater sample materials. Hydrobiologia, 600, 121-130. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-007-9181-3
Keywords
biomanipulaatio järvet ekosysteemit isotoopit rehevöityminen limnologia
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-3101-8

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