Haku
Aineistot 1-10 / 2642
A novel rat CVB1-VP1 monoclonal antibody 3A6 detects a broad range of enteroviruses
(Nature Publishing Group, 2018)
Enteroviruses (EVs) are common RNA viruses that cause diseases ranging from rash to paralytic poliomyelitis. For example, EV-A and EV-C viruses cause hand-foot and mouth disease and EV-B viruses cause encephalitis and ...
Immunohistokemiallisten värjäysten digitaalinen verifiointiarkisto patologian laboratorioon ja vasta-aineiden Pit-1, SF-1 ja T-Pit verifiointi
(2023)
on käytössä satoja vasta-aineita. Immunohistokemiallisen vasta-aineen toiminta diagnostiikassa on ennen
käyttöön ottamista todistettava ja dokumentoitava, eli verifioitava. Tässä tutkielmassa luotiin palvelimelle päivittäiseksi työkaluksi patologeille ja...
Immunohistochemistry is a cost-effective and fast research method that is used, for example, in the diagnosis of cancer diseases, preparing a prognosis and evaluating the response to treatment in the pathology laboratory. Hundreds of antibodies are used in the diagnostic pathology laboratory. The function of an immunohistochemical antibody must be proven and documented, in other words verified, before using in the diagnostics. In this thesis, a digital verification archive was created on the server as a daily tool for pathologists and medical cell biologists. The indication and the staining pattern for each antibody can be checked from the archive. The most important diagnostic immunohistochemical antibody verification reports were updated in the digital archive, and the normal and tumor tissue verification glasses included in the reports were digitized using a microscope scanner. The verification archive was demonstrated in this thesis by verifying the new transcription factor antibodies Pit-1, SF-1 and T-Pit, intended for the diagnosis of glandular tumors (adenomas) originating from the cells of the anterior pituitary lobe. The antibodies are required by the current WHO classification of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors to establish an accurate diagnosis, and to distinguish cell types producing pituitary hormones. In this study, the SF-1 antibody was found to stain adenomas, that were expected to be stained only with the Pit-1 antibody. There are double-positive Pit-1 and SF-1 adenomas, but they are uncommon. Accurate classification of pituitary adenomas is important for patient monitoring and risk assessment....
Immunohistochemistry is a cost-effective and fast research method that is used, for example, in the diagnosis of cancer diseases, preparing a prognosis and evaluating the response to treatment in the pathology laboratory. Hundreds of antibodies are used in the diagnostic pathology laboratory. The function of an immunohistochemical antibody must be proven and documented, in other words verified, before using in the diagnostics. In this thesis, a digital verification archive was created on the server as a daily tool for pathologists and medical cell biologists. The indication and the staining pattern for each antibody can be checked from the archive. The most important diagnostic immunohistochemical antibody verification reports were updated in the digital archive, and the normal and tumor tissue verification glasses included in the reports were digitized using a microscope scanner. The verification archive was demonstrated in this thesis by verifying the new transcription factor antibodies Pit-1, SF-1 and T-Pit, intended for the diagnosis of glandular tumors (adenomas) originating from the cells of the anterior pituitary lobe. The antibodies are required by the current WHO classification of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors to establish an accurate diagnosis, and to distinguish cell types producing pituitary hormones. In this study, the SF-1 antibody was found to stain adenomas, that were expected to be stained only with the Pit-1 antibody. There are double-positive Pit-1 and SF-1 adenomas, but they are uncommon. Accurate classification of pituitary adenomas is important for patient monitoring and risk assessment....
Pathogenesis and autoimmunity initiated by a viral protein-induced apoptotic bodies
(2016)
muutoksia tarkasteltiin parafiiniin pedatuista, hematoksyliinilla ja eosiinilla värjätyistä kudosnäytteistä kirkaskenttämikroskopian avulla. Vasta-aineita kaksijuosteiselle DNA:lle (anti-dsDNA vasta-aineet) tutkittiin kaupallisella Crithidia luciliae...
Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is a widespread virus that infects people of all ages. In children, it usually causes an erythema infectiosum, a rash illness called the Fifth disease. In adults, it can cause arthralgia, arthritis, different types of anemia, and hydrops fetalis in pregnant women. Furthermore, the infection can lead to severe autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, myocarditis, liver, and kidney diseases. However, the B19 infection can sometimes be asymptomatic. The exact mechanisms by which B19 contributes to autoimmune diseases are still not known. However, the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of B19 is known as a cytotoxic protein that induces apoptosis in host cells, thus forming apoptotic bodies (ApoBods) that contain self-antigens along with viral NS1 protein. Mice were used as a model organism in this study to investigate the effects of the NS1 ApoBods in vivo. It was hypothesized that the ApoBods initiate an SLE-like autoimmune disease in mice which manifests itself as autoantibody production, immune cell infiltration into the tissues, and tissue damage. Mice were inoculated with 25 µg, 50 µg, and 100 µg of B19 NS1 induced ApoBods. Blood was collected from the mice at week one, and four, before booster injections were administrated. At week eight, the mice were euthanized, blood was collected and serum isolated. Brain, heart, kidneys, liver, and spleen were dissected from each mouse for histopathological analysis. Sections embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin were studied for morphological and pathological changes with bright-field microscopy. Presence of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies was investigated with a commercial Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test, and with a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, which are the signature biomarker of SLE, were detected with both methods in the mice inoculated with B19 NS1 ApoBods. Immune cell infiltrates were detected in the kidneys, heart, and liver of the mice. In addition, neuronal degeneration was detected in the brain of all the mice treated with B19 NS1 ApoBods, and suspected demyelination was seen in the brain of the mice treated with 50 µg, and 100 µg of B19 NS1 ApoBods. Myocardial disarray was observed in the hearts of these two groups. Furthermore, in the hearts of all mice treated with B19 NS1 ApoBods, myocardial degeneration was detected. In the spleen of mice treated with 50 µg of the ApoBods, germinal centers had formed. Moreover, the proportion of the white pulp in the spleen was significantly increased by the dosage of ApoBods. These findings supported the hypothesis. B19 NS1 ApoBods cause inflammation by providing self-antigens to which the immune system reacts, and autoimmunity is initiated. Hence, this study provided a mechanism of B19 involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, this mechanism and model are applicable to studies of other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr....
Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is a widespread virus that infects people of all ages. In children, it usually causes an erythema infectiosum, a rash illness called the Fifth disease. In adults, it can cause arthralgia, arthritis, different types of anemia, and hydrops fetalis in pregnant women. Furthermore, the infection can lead to severe autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, myocarditis, liver, and kidney diseases. However, the B19 infection can sometimes be asymptomatic. The exact mechanisms by which B19 contributes to autoimmune diseases are still not known. However, the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of B19 is known as a cytotoxic protein that induces apoptosis in host cells, thus forming apoptotic bodies (ApoBods) that contain self-antigens along with viral NS1 protein. Mice were used as a model organism in this study to investigate the effects of the NS1 ApoBods in vivo. It was hypothesized that the ApoBods initiate an SLE-like autoimmune disease in mice which manifests itself as autoantibody production, immune cell infiltration into the tissues, and tissue damage. Mice were inoculated with 25 µg, 50 µg, and 100 µg of B19 NS1 induced ApoBods. Blood was collected from the mice at week one, and four, before booster injections were administrated. At week eight, the mice were euthanized, blood was collected and serum isolated. Brain, heart, kidneys, liver, and spleen were dissected from each mouse for histopathological analysis. Sections embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin were studied for morphological and pathological changes with bright-field microscopy. Presence of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies was investigated with a commercial Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test, and with a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, which are the signature biomarker of SLE, were detected with both methods in the mice inoculated with B19 NS1 ApoBods. Immune cell infiltrates were detected in the kidneys, heart, and liver of the mice. In addition, neuronal degeneration was detected in the brain of all the mice treated with B19 NS1 ApoBods, and suspected demyelination was seen in the brain of the mice treated with 50 µg, and 100 µg of B19 NS1 ApoBods. Myocardial disarray was observed in the hearts of these two groups. Furthermore, in the hearts of all mice treated with B19 NS1 ApoBods, myocardial degeneration was detected. In the spleen of mice treated with 50 µg of the ApoBods, germinal centers had formed. Moreover, the proportion of the white pulp in the spleen was significantly increased by the dosage of ApoBods. These findings supported the hypothesis. B19 NS1 ApoBods cause inflammation by providing self-antigens to which the immune system reacts, and autoimmunity is initiated. Hence, this study provided a mechanism of B19 involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, this mechanism and model are applicable to studies of other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr....
A little bit of help from the mother goes a long way : the effect of maternal antibodies on antibody levels and growth during the first year of the magpie (Pica pica)
(2020)
Emolta munan kautta siirtyvät vasta-aineet antavat tärkeän lyhytkestoisen
immuniteettisuojan linnunpoikasen ensimmäisten elinviikkojen aikana, kun sen
oma spesifisempi immuunipuolustus on vielä kehityksen alla. Emon vasta-
aineiden vaikutuksella...
Antibodies transferred from a mother through an egg to her offspring are known to offer important short-term immune protection during the first few weeks after hatching while the offspring’s own specific immunity is still under development. Only few studies have focused on the possible long-term effects of maternal antibodies on the offspring phenotype and survival through their effect on offspring endogenous antibody production and growth. In this study I examined how maternal antibodies affected endogenous antibody levels and growth of magpies during their first year. The birds were monitored from hatching to fledging in their home nest, after which they were transferred to aviaries and followed until the next spring. The maternal antibody levels were analyzed from the antibodies after hatching. Maternal antibodies had a positive relationship with offspring antibody levels, weight, and tarsus length near fledging, and with young adult antibody levels after fledging, but had no relationship with young adult weight. The weight after fledging had positive relationship with the young adult weight. According to this study, the unmanipulated maternal antibody levels in wild altricial species had positive short-term effects on the fledgling characteristics and positive long-term effects on the young adult characteristics both directly and indirectly. Through their positive effect on offspring phenotype, maternal antibodies were probably also able to positively affect offspring fitness and survival....
Antibodies transferred from a mother through an egg to her offspring are known to offer important short-term immune protection during the first few weeks after hatching while the offspring’s own specific immunity is still under development. Only few studies have focused on the possible long-term effects of maternal antibodies on the offspring phenotype and survival through their effect on offspring endogenous antibody production and growth. In this study I examined how maternal antibodies affected endogenous antibody levels and growth of magpies during their first year. The birds were monitored from hatching to fledging in their home nest, after which they were transferred to aviaries and followed until the next spring. The maternal antibody levels were analyzed from the antibodies after hatching. Maternal antibodies had a positive relationship with offspring antibody levels, weight, and tarsus length near fledging, and with young adult antibody levels after fledging, but had no relationship with young adult weight. The weight after fledging had positive relationship with the young adult weight. According to this study, the unmanipulated maternal antibody levels in wild altricial species had positive short-term effects on the fledgling characteristics and positive long-term effects on the young adult characteristics both directly and indirectly. Through their positive effect on offspring phenotype, maternal antibodies were probably also able to positively affect offspring fitness and survival....
Glyfosaatin vaikutus japaninviiriäisen immuunipuolustukseen
(2021)
Synteettiset torjunta-aineet ovat auttaneet viljelyn tehostamisessa, ja niistä on tullut tärkeä osa maatalouden kasvinsuojelua. Merkittävä osuus käytetyistä torjunta-aineista on rikkakasvien torjunta-aineita, joista maatalouden kehittyminen...
Serological Follow-Up Study Indicates High Seasonal Coronavirus Infection and Reinfection Rates in Early Childhood
(American Society for Microbiology, 2022)
Seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause respiratory infections, especially in children. Currently, the knowledge on early childhood seasonal coronavirus infections and the duration of antibody levels following the first ...
EGFR gene copy number decreases during anti-EGFR antibody therapy in colorectal cancer
(Elsevier Inc., 2018)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene copy number (GCN) increase is associated with a favorable anti-EGFR antibody treatment response in RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. However, there are limited and ...
Enterovirusten detektio haimakudoksesta in situ -hybridisaatiolla ja immunofluoresenssiinperustuvalla kaksoisvärjäysmenetelmällä
(2010)
Ihmistä infektoivat enterovirukset luokitellaan ihmisen enterovirus A-, B-, C- ja D -lajeihin sekä rinoviruslajeihin. Nämä lajit sisältävät runsaasti alalajeja, joita tunnetaankin yli 200. Enterovirus on pieni, ikosahedraalinen, ...
Miten siirtyä kiertotalouteen
(POLKU 2.0 -hanke, 2023)
COVID-19 symptoms and antibody formation in competitive cross-country skiers
(2022)
keskimäärin viittä erilaista ja paluu harjoitteluun tapahtui keskimäärin yhdeksässä päivässä. Kaikki urheilijat kehittivät positiivisen vasta-ainevasteen. IgG tyypin vasta-aineet viruksen pinta- ja piikkiproteiineja vastaan ylittivät kaikilla urheilijoilla...
The COVID-19 pandemic set the whole world in front of a relatively new situation. Knowledge of the new infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was sparse and people in every industry started to rethink their habits and guidelines. Acute respiratory illnesses and infections are a major burden to competitive ath-letes and some guidelines considering avoiding infections and return to sport already exist. However, proper scientific based guidelines were and are still missing, especially consider-ing return to sport. The purpose of this thesis was to enhance the understanding of respirato-ry viral infections in athletes and to describe the nature COVID-19 in a cohort of Finnish cross-country skiers. 15 cross-country skiers who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in spring 2020, were inter-viewed two months and 13 months after symptoms onset. Symptoms, training status and subjective evaluation of performance were asked in the interviews. Blood samples were col-lected three months and 14.5 months after symptoms onset. Samples were analysed for anti-bodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N) and spike glycoproteins RBD (spike recep-tor-binding domain) and SFL (full-length spike protein) IgG concentration, and neutralizing antibody titres against the wildtype virus. All athletes had mild symptoms and none of the athletes required hospital care. The most common symptoms were alterations in sense of taste and/or sense of smell, abnormal fa-tigue, muscle soreness, runny nose or nasal congestion, fever and headache. Mean symptom duration was 10 days, symptom severity on scale one to three was 1.6, number of symptoms 5 and mean days to return to training happened 9 days from the symptom’s onset. All ath-letes developed measurable positive antibody responses. In serum samples collected three months after the infection, all athletes had values over the line of positivity in IgG anti-N, IgG anti-RBD and IgG anti-SFL. At the same time 13 out of 15 athletes microneutralization test (MNT) titre was positive. Finding in this thesis supports the previous knowledge that athletes experience mostly mild COVID-19 and can successfully return to training and competitions. Athletes develop meas-urable antibody response and vaccination seems to strengthen the response after natural COVID-19 infection. The cohort of this thesis was small, including only one sport discipline and interpretation of these results should be made with caution. Guidelines to return to train-ing still varies after a few years of the COVID-19 pandemic and thus, more information and updated guidelines are required to ensure athletes safe return to play regarding not only COVID-19 infection but also of other viral respiratory infections....
The COVID-19 pandemic set the whole world in front of a relatively new situation. Knowledge of the new infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was sparse and people in every industry started to rethink their habits and guidelines. Acute respiratory illnesses and infections are a major burden to competitive ath-letes and some guidelines considering avoiding infections and return to sport already exist. However, proper scientific based guidelines were and are still missing, especially consider-ing return to sport. The purpose of this thesis was to enhance the understanding of respirato-ry viral infections in athletes and to describe the nature COVID-19 in a cohort of Finnish cross-country skiers. 15 cross-country skiers who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in spring 2020, were inter-viewed two months and 13 months after symptoms onset. Symptoms, training status and subjective evaluation of performance were asked in the interviews. Blood samples were col-lected three months and 14.5 months after symptoms onset. Samples were analysed for anti-bodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N) and spike glycoproteins RBD (spike recep-tor-binding domain) and SFL (full-length spike protein) IgG concentration, and neutralizing antibody titres against the wildtype virus. All athletes had mild symptoms and none of the athletes required hospital care. The most common symptoms were alterations in sense of taste and/or sense of smell, abnormal fa-tigue, muscle soreness, runny nose or nasal congestion, fever and headache. Mean symptom duration was 10 days, symptom severity on scale one to three was 1.6, number of symptoms 5 and mean days to return to training happened 9 days from the symptom’s onset. All ath-letes developed measurable positive antibody responses. In serum samples collected three months after the infection, all athletes had values over the line of positivity in IgG anti-N, IgG anti-RBD and IgG anti-SFL. At the same time 13 out of 15 athletes microneutralization test (MNT) titre was positive. Finding in this thesis supports the previous knowledge that athletes experience mostly mild COVID-19 and can successfully return to training and competitions. Athletes develop meas-urable antibody response and vaccination seems to strengthen the response after natural COVID-19 infection. The cohort of this thesis was small, including only one sport discipline and interpretation of these results should be made with caution. Guidelines to return to train-ing still varies after a few years of the COVID-19 pandemic and thus, more information and updated guidelines are required to ensure athletes safe return to play regarding not only COVID-19 infection but also of other viral respiratory infections....