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Active hiding of social information from information-parasites

Abstract
Background: Coevolution between pairs of different kind of entities, such as providers and users of information, involves reciprocal selection pressures between them as a consequence of their ecological interaction. Pied flycatchers ( Ficedula hypoleuca ) have been shown to derive fitness benefits (larger clutches) when nesting in proximity to great tits ( Parus major ), presumably because they this way discover and obtain information about nesting sites. Tits suffer from the resulting association (smaller clutches). An arms race between the tits (information host) and the flycatchers (information parasite) could thus result . Great tits often cover eggs with nesting material before, but not during incubation. We hypothesized that one function of egg-covering could be a counter-adaptation to reduce information parasitism by pied flycatchers. We predicted that tits should bring more new hair to cover their exposed eggs when a pied flycatcher is present near to tit nest than when a neutral (non-competing) species is present. We conducted decoy and playback experiment in Oulu and Turku, Finland. First, we removed and collected all the hair covering the tit eggs. Then, we measured how the perceived presence of flycatcher or waxwing ( Bombycilla garrulus ) affects tits' egg-covering by collecting and weighing the hair brought on the eggs and photographing the nest 24 h after the playback. Results: Tits brought more hair into the nest and covered the eggs more carefully after flycatcher treatment, compared to waxwing treatment. We also found that the tits in Oulu (over 600 km to north from Turku) had more hair on the top of their eggs in general. Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that the counter-adaptation function of egg-covering against information parasites may be an extension of original function to protect eggs from low temperatures.
Main Authors
Format
Articles Research article
Published
2014
Series
Subjects
Publication in research information system
Publisher
BioMed Central Ltd.
Original source
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/14/32
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201408132342Use this for linking
Review status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
1471-2148
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-32
Language
English
Published in
BMC Evolutionary Biology
Citation
  • Loukola, O. J., Laaksonen, T., Seppänen, J.-T., & Forsman, J. T. (2014). Active hiding of social information from information-parasites. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14(32). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-32
License
CC BY 2.0Open Access
Copyright© 2014 Loukola et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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author Loukola, Olli J. Laaksonen, Toni Seppänen, Janne-Tuomas Forsman, Jukka T.
author_facet Loukola, Olli J. Laaksonen, Toni Seppänen, Janne-Tuomas Forsman, Jukka T.
converis_txtF yes
departments_txtF_mv Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos Department of Biological and Environmental Science
description Background: Coevolution between pairs of different kind of entities, such as providers and users of information, involves reciprocal selection pressures between them as a consequence of their ecological interaction. Pied flycatchers ( Ficedula hypoleuca ) have been shown to derive fitness benefits (larger clutches) when nesting in proximity to great tits ( Parus major ), presumably because they this way discover and obtain information about nesting sites. Tits suffer from the resulting association (smaller clutches). An arms race between the tits (information host) and the flycatchers (information parasite) could thus result . Great tits often cover eggs with nesting material before, but not during incubation. We hypothesized that one function of egg-covering could be a counter-adaptation to reduce information parasitism by pied flycatchers. We predicted that tits should bring more new hair to cover their exposed eggs when a pied flycatcher is present near to tit nest than when a neutral (non-competing) species is present. We conducted decoy and playback experiment in Oulu and Turku, Finland. First, we removed and collected all the hair covering the tit eggs. Then, we measured how the perceived presence of flycatcher or waxwing ( Bombycilla garrulus ) affects tits' egg-covering by collecting and weighing the hair brought on the eggs and photographing the nest 24 h after the playback. Results: Tits brought more hair into the nest and covered the eggs more carefully after flycatcher treatment, compared to waxwing treatment. We also found that the tits in Oulu (over 600 km to north from Turku) had more hair on the top of their eggs in general. Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that the counter-adaptation function of egg-covering against information parasites may be an extension of original function to protect eggs from low temperatures.
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discipline_txtF Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia
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spellingShingle Active hiding of social information from information-parasites Loukola, Olli J. Laaksonen, Toni Seppänen, Janne-Tuomas Forsman, Jukka T. animal article female Finland nesting oocyte songbird evoluutio perinnöllisyystiede fysiologia BMC Evolutionary Biology
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title Active hiding of social information from information-parasites
title_full Active hiding of social information from information-parasites
title_fullStr Active hiding of social information from information-parasites
title_full_unstemmed Active hiding of social information from information-parasites
title_short Active hiding of social information from information-parasites
title_sort Active hiding of social information from informationparasites
topic animal article female Finland nesting oocyte songbird evoluutio perinnöllisyystiede fysiologia
yso_count_txtF 3