The Association of Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness with Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity in Adolescents
Julkaistu sarjassa
JYU dissertationsTekijät
Päivämäärä
2020Tekijänoikeudet
© The Author & University of Jyväskylä
Over the past decades adolescents have experienced decreased aerobic fitness levels and insufficient physical activity levels. A sedentary lifestyle with little physical activity can be harmful to adolescents’ well-being and health. Despite this, the association between adolescents’ physical activity and aerobic fitness with brain health remains poorly understood. The primary purpose of this dissertation is to examine the association between physical activity and aerobic fitness with brain structure and function in 13–16-year-old adolescents. Additionally, earlier studies regarding the connections between physical activity and aerobic fitness with executive functions have been contradictory in youth. The second purpose of this dissertation is to investigate whether the brain’s white matter properties moderate the relationship between physical activity and aerobic fitness with core executive functions. The first study in this dissertation examined the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and aerobic fitness (assessed using a 20-m shuttle run test) with the brain’s gray matter. The results show that higher level of aerobic fitness, but not physical activity, is related to smaller volume in the left superior frontal gyrus and larger volume in the left pallidum. The second study demonstrates that aerobic fitness, but not the physical activity, is associated with white matter properties in several tracts, but most robustly in the corpus callosum and the superior corona radiata. Furthermore, we found that the white matter moderates the connection of physical activity and aerobic fitness with working memory. The third study concentrated on the resting state functional connectivity of the brain. The findings show that adolescents’ physical activity, but not aerobic fitness, is related to local functional connectivity. However, they also reveal that neither of them is related to interhemispheric functional connectivity, as indicated by homotopic connectivity. Overall, the results of this dissertation show that both physical activity and aerobic fitness are related to an adolescents’ brains. Associations between brain properties and these two measures differ extensively. While aerobic fitness is especially associated with structural measures, physical activity is related to the functional measure at rest. Moreover, the findings related to the moderation analysis suggest that the varying previous results regarding the relationship of physical activity and aerobic fitness with the working memory might be explained by the varying levels of the brain’s white matter.
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Julkaisija
Jyväskylän yliopistoISBN
978-951-39-8327-7ISSN Hae Julkaisufoorumista
2489-9003Julkaisuun sisältyy osajulkaisuja
- Artikkeli I: Ruotsalainen, Ilona; Renvall, Ville; Gorbach, Tetiana; Syväoja, Heidi J.; Tammelin, Tuija H.; Karvanen, Juha; Parviainen, Tiina (2019). Aerobic fitness, but not physical activity, is associated with grey matter volume in adolescents. Behavioural Brain Research, 362 (0), 122-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.041
- Artikkeli II: Ruotsalainen, Ilona; Gorbach, Tetiana; Perkola, Jaana; Renvall, Ville; Syväoja, Heidi J.; Tammelin, Tuija H.; Karvanen, Juha; Parviainen, Tiina (2020). Physical activity, aerobic fitness, and brain white matter : Their role for executive functions in adolescence. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 42, 100765. DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100765
- Artikkeli III: Ruotsalainen, I., Glerean, E., Karvanen, J., Gorbach, T., Renvall, V., Syväoja, H.J., Tammelin, T.H. & Parviainen, T. (2020) Physical activity is positively associated with local functional connectivity in adolescents’ brains. Submitted manuscript.
Asiasanat
fyysinen aktiivisuus fyysinen kunto toiminnanohjaus (psykologia) liikuntaharrastus liikunta aerobinen suorituskyky nuoruus nuoret aivot valkea aine physical activity aerobic fitness adolescence gray matter white matter functional connectivity executive functions grey matter harmaa aine aerobinen kunto brain physical activeness young people physical training
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Physical activity, aerobic fitness, and brain white matter : Their role for executive functions in adolescence
Ruotsalainen, Ilona; Gorbach, Tetiana; Perkola, Jaana; Renvall, Ville; Syväoja, Heidi J.; Tammelin, Tuija H.; Karvanen, Juha; Parviainen, Tiina (Elsevier, 2020)Physical activity and exercise beneficially link to brain properties and cognitive functions in older adults, but the findings concerning adolescents remain tentative. During adolescence, the brain undergoes significant ... -
Aerobic fitness, but not physical activity, is associated with grey matter volume in adolescents
Ruotsalainen, Ilona; Renvall, Ville; Gorbach, Tetiana; Syväoja, Heidi J.; Tammelin, Tuija H.; Karvanen, Juha; Parviainen, Tiina (Elsevier, 2019)Higher levels of aerobic fitness and physical activity are linked to beneficial effects on brain health, especially in older adults. The generalizability of these earlier results to young individuals is not straightforward, ... -
Developmental associations of fundamental motor skills and executive functions in preschoolers : The role of the physical activity and the effects on early numeracy
Vanhala, Anssi; Widlund, Anna; Korhonen, Johan; Haapala, Eero A.; Sääkslahti, Arja; Aunio, Pirjo (Elsevier, 2024)Background: Physical activity, fundamental motor skills, executive functions and early numeracy have shown to be related, but very little is known about the developmental relations of these factors. Procedure: We followed ... -
Physical activity and aerobic fitness show different associations with brain processes underlying anticipatory selective visuospatial attention in adolescents
Hernández, Doris; Heinilä, Erkka; Muotka, Joona; Ruotsalainen, Ilona; Lapinkero, Hanna-Maija; Syväoja, Heidi; Tammelin, Tuija H.; Parviainen, Tiina (Elsevier BV, 2021)Current knowledge about the underlying brain processes of exercise-related benefits on executive functions and the specific contributions of physical activity and aerobic fitness during adolescence is inconclusive. We ... -
Fitness, Gray Matter Volume, and Executive Function in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: Cross‐Sectional Findings From the AGUEDA Trial
Coca‐Pulido, Andrea; Solis‐Urra, Patricio; Fernandez‐Gamez, Beatriz; Olvera‐Rojas, Marcos; Bellón, Darío; Sclafani, Alessandro; Toval, Angel; Martín‐Fuentes, Isabel; Bakker, Esmée A.; Fernández‐Ortega, Javier; Gomez‐Rio, Manuel; Hillman, Charles H.; Erickson, Kirk I.; Ortega, Francisco B.; Mora‐Gonzalez, Jose; Esteban‐Cornejo, Irene (Wiley, 2024)The aim of the study is to investigate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength indicators with gray matter volume (GMV) and to study whether fitness-related regions of GMV are associated ...
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