Universalismin ja markkinamallin välissä : varhaiskasvatuksen palvelusetelin käyttöönoton vaikutuksia varhaiskasvatusjärjestelmälle

Abstract

In Finland, responsibility for the provision of early childhood education and care services (ECEC) lies with municipalities. However, municipal authorities can decide to produce these services themselves or purchase them from the private sector. They can negotiate contracts with private service providers, or grant vouchers or supplements to the private day care allowance paid out by Kela. Since the 2010s, private ECEC provision has increased considerably following the decision of many municipalities to grant these demand-side subsidies. The subsidy systems and ways of ECEC provision differ from each other. While public ECEC can be seen as representing a universal service system, demand-side subsidies, vouchers and the private day care allowance are shifting ECEC provision towards a more market-based system. This study uses register data to examine the dynamics between different ways of providing ECEC services by researching how the introduction of a voucher system in municipalities impacts the use and supply of public ECEC services and the use of the private day care allowance. The results show that the introduction of the service voucher has affected the share of public services and private day care allowance, but not the number of private day care centres. In addition, the size of the municipality and the age of children are related to the impact.

Suomessa varhaiskasvatuspalvelut on tuotettu perinteisesti pääasiassa julkisesti. Yksityinen palveluntuotanto on kuitenkin lisääntynyt 2000-luvulla, koska kunnat ovat myöntäneet perheille taloudellisia tukia. Erityisesti palvelusetelien käyttö on yleistynyt. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan palvelustelin käyttöönoton vaikutusta varhaiskasvatuspalveluiden käyttöön ja niiden järjestämisen tapaan.