Changes in students' exercise motivation, goal orientation, and perceived competence as a result of modifications in school physical education teaching practices
The primary aim of the study was to analyse changes in students' exercise motivation, goal orientation, and perceived competence through one academic-year of intervention directed toward increasing task-involvement during physical education lessons. An additional purpose of the study was the development and documentation of the programme used in the intervention. The intervention consisted of weekly consultation meetings with teachers in experimental schools. The participants forming the experimental group of the study were 178 ninth-grade students, taught by four teachers. The control group consisted of 259 students, taught by five teachers. The study was quasi-experimental in design. Participants responded to a multisectional questionnaire incorporating Finnish versions of the Sport Motivation Scale, the sport competence sub-scale of the Physical Self-Perception Profile, and the Perception of Success Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses and Cronbach's alpha coefficients indicated that all scales proved to be psychometrically sound. Analysis of covariance revealed that students in the experimental group minimally increased in self-determined motivation, whereas, the control group decreased their perceptions of self-determined motivation. In addition, after adjusting the end level for initial differences, experimental students perceived more task orientation compared with control students. Additionally, experimental group slightly decreased in external regulation, whereas this variable increased in the control group. In both boys' and girls' experimental group, amotivation minimally decreased. Boys' control group moderately increased in amotivation, whereas, girls' control group slightly decreased in amotivation. The results showed that teachers are able to affect students' motivational factors by emphasising task-involvement in physical education. Additionally, the results indicated that the programme designed for increasing task-involving motivational climate in physical education lessons was suitable for implementation through one academic year. In addition, the intervention provided pedagogical means and practices, which can be used to influence students' motivational behaviours.
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Tutkimuksen päätarkoituksena oli analysoida muutoksia oppilaiden liikuntamotivaatiossa, koetussa fyysisessä pätevyydessä sekä tavoiteorientaatiossa yhden lukuvuoden mittaisen motivaatioilmastointervention seurauksena. Lisäksi tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kehittää ja kuvailla ohjelma, jonka avulla tuntien tehtäväsuuntautuneisuutta saataisiin parannettua. Tutkittavat olivat pakolliseen koululiikuntaan osallistuvia yhdeksäsluokkalaisia 15-vuotiaita oppilaita. Tutkimusryhmään kuului 178 oppilasta ja neljä heidän opettajaansa. Vertailuryhmänä oli 259 oppilasta ja viisi heidän opettajaansa. Interventio sisälsi viikoittaisia konsultaatiopalavereita tutkimusryhmän opettajien kanssa. Tutkimus oli luonteeltaan kvasikokeellinen interventiotutkimus. Tutkimuksen mittareina käytettiin sisäisen motivaation mittaria (Sport Motivation Scale), tavoiteorientaatiomittaria (Perception of Success Questionnaire) sekä liikunta pätevyys -alaskaalaa (sport competence) koetun fyysisen pätevyyden mittarista (The Physical SelfPerception Profile). Konfirmatoriset faktorianalyysit ja Cronbachin alfa -kertoimet osoittivat, että kaikki käytetyt mittarit olivat luotettavia ja päteviä. Kovarianssianalyysit osoittivat, että intervention aikana tutkimuskoulujen oppilaiden itsemääräämismotivaatio nousi hieman, kun vastaavasti vertailukoulujen oppilaiden itsemääräämismotivaatio laski. Lisäksi tutkimuskoulujen oppilaat olivat intervention jälkeen tehtäväorientoituneempia kun vertailukoulujen oppilaat. Tutkimuskoulujen oppilaiden ulkoinen motivaatio hieman laski, kun samaan aikaan vertailukoulujen oppilaiden ulkoinen motivaatio nousi. Poikien ja tyttöjen tutkimusryhmissä amotivaatio laski minimaalisesti. Poikien vertailuryhmässä amotivaatio nousi, kun vastaavasti tyttöjen vertailuryhmässä se hieman laski. Tulokset osoittavat, että opettaja pystyy vaikuttamaan oppilaiden motivaatiotekijöihin korostamalla liikuntatuntien tehtäväsuuntautuneisuutta. Lisäksi selvisi, että opettajien täydennyskoulutusohjelma oli mahdollista toteuttaa yhdeksäsluokkalaisten oppilaiden liikuntatunneilla. Intervention antina on lisäksi pedagogisia menetelmiä, joiden avulla opettaja pystyy tukemaan tehtäväsuuntautuneisuutta liikuntatunneilla.
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978-952-86-0310-8Metadata
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- Väitöskirjat [3519]
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