Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability in Women Discordant for Hormonal Contraceptive Use
Ahokas, E. K., Hanstock, H. G., Löfberg, I., Nyman, M., Wenning, P., Kyröläinen, H., Mikkonen, R., & Ihalainen, J. K. (2023). Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability in Women Discordant for Hormonal Contraceptive Use. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 55(7), 1342-1349. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003158
Published in
Medicine and Science in Sports and ExerciseAuthors
Date
2023Discipline
Valmennus- ja testausoppiLiikuntafysiologiaScience of Sport Coaching and Fitness TestingExercise PhysiologyCopyright
© 2023 American College of Sports Medicine
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate within-cycle differences in nocturnal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in naturally menstruating women (NM) and women using combined hormonal contraceptives (CU) or progestin-only hormonal contraceptives (PU).
Methods
Physically active participants were recruited into three groups: NM (n = 19), CU (n = 11), and PU (n = 12). Participants’ HR and HRV (with Bodyguard 2 HRV monitor), and blood hormones were monitored during one menstrual cycle (MC) (NM-group) or for 4 weeks (CU and PU-groups). Estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone were analyzed from fasting blood samples collected four times in the NM (M1 = bleeding, M2 = follicular phase, M3 = ovulation, and M4 = luteal phase) and PU groups (M1 = lowest E2; M2 = M1 + 7 days; M3 = M1 + 14 days; M4 = M1 + 21 days) and twice in the CU group (active and inactive pill phases). After every blood sample, nightly HR and HRV were recorded and examined as an average from two nights.
Results
Hormonal concentrations differed (p < 0.05) between MC phases in the NM- and PU-groups, but not (p ≥ 0.116) between the active and inactive phases in the CU-group. In the NM- and PU-groups, some of the HRV values were higher, while in the NM-group, HR was lower during M2 compared to M3 (p < 0.049) and M4 (p < 0.035). In the CU-group, HRV values (p = 0.014-0.038) were higher, and HR was lower (p = 0.038) in the inactive phase compared to the first week of the active phase.
Conclusions
The MC and hormonal cycle phases influence autonomic nervous system balance, which is reflected in measurements of nocturnal HR and HRV. This should be considered when monitoring recovery in physically active individuals.
...
Publisher
Lippincott Williams & WilkinsISSN Search the Publication Forum
0195-9131Keywords
Publication in research information system
https://converis.jyu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/182615855
Metadata
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- Liikuntatieteiden tiedekunta [3076]
Related funder(s)
UrheiluopistosäätiöFunding program(s)
FoundationAdditional information about funding
This research was funded by Urheiluopistosäätiö (JKI, 20190110), and The Emil Aaltonen Foundation (JKI). No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors. The results of this study are presented clearly, honestly and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by the American College of Sports Medicine. ...License
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