Vastakuoriutuneiden mateenpoikasten esiintyvyys Keski-Suomen karuissa järvissä
Abstract
Made (Lota lota) on pohjoisella pallonpuoliskolla ainoa makeassa vedessä elävä
turskakala. Made on lisätty Suomessa silmälläpidettävien lajien listalle vuonna
2019 heikenneiden kantojen vuoksi. Made kutee pääosin talvella matalikoille ja
rannoille, mutta osa populaatioista voi kutea keväällä syvänteissä. Tässä
tutkimuksessa selvitettiin mateenpoikastiheyksien sekä ajallisia ja alueellisia
muutoksia että eroavaisuuksia. Aineisto koostui siikakalojen poikasten
tarkkailun ohessa kertyneestä aineistosta vuosilta 1999–2020. Tutkimusjärvinä
toimivat Konnevesi, Puula ja Päijänteen Tehinselkä. Näytteitä kerättiin ranta alueen matalimmasta vyöhykkeestä putkihaavilla ja syvemmillä ranta-alueilla
sekä ulapoilla bongo-haaveilla. Näytteet säilöttiin formaliini–etanoliseokseen ja
käsiteltiin myöhemmin laboratoriossa. Aineisto analysoitiin muun muassa
yhden ja useamman muuttujan varianssianalyyseillä sekä Spearmanin
korrelaatioanalyysillä. Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että mateenpoikasia esiintyy
eniten kaikkien järvien matalimmassa rantavyöhykkeessä. Syvyysvyöhykkeiden
poikastiheyksien väliset korrelaatiot kuitenkin vaihtelivat järvikohtaisesti.
Näyteruutujen välillä havaittiin merkitseviä eroja poikastiheyksissä.
Runsaimmin poikasia esiintyi ruuduilla, jotka olivat habitaatiltaan suojaisia
lahtia. Vuosittaiset poikastiheydet vaihtelivat suuresti järvien sisällä, ja tämän
lisäksi itse ruutukohtaisissa poikastiheyksissä oli myös runsasta vuosien välistä
vaihtelua. Vuotuisissa matalimman vyöhykkeen poikastiheyksissä havaittiin
Konneveden ja Puulan välillä merkitsevää assosiaatiota, kun taas ulapan
poikastiheydessä merkitsevää assosiaatiota havaittiin vain Puulan ja Tehinselän
välillä. Mielenkiintoista tuloksissa oli, ettei järvien ulapoiden ja matalimpien
vyöhykkeiden suhteellisissa poikastiheyksissä havaittu merkitsevää eroa, vaan
suhteelliset tiheydet olivat jopa samankaltaisia. Tuloksista saatiin suuntaa
mahdolliselle tavalle tehdä mateenpoikastarkkailuita, mutta tulosten ja
muuttujien varmistamiseksi lisätutkimus olisi hyväksi.
Burbot (Lota lota) is the sole freshwater species of gadiform family that lives in northern hemisphere. In Finland Burbot was declared vulnerable as burbot stocks have decreased significantly. Burbot generally spawns in shallows during winter, however some populations have been shown to spawn in lake basins during spring. This a study about the evolution of burbot larvae occurrence both temporal and spatial changes and differences between groups. The data was collected during 1999–2020 while tracking of Coregonus larvae as they have similar habitat in larval stage. Research lakes were lake Konnevesi, lake Puula and Tehinselkä of lake Päijänne. Samples were collected from both littoral and epilimnion of the pelagic zone. Most samples were taken by boat using bongo nets, however shallow water (0–0,5 m) samples were taken by foot by using pipe net. All samples were preserved in formalin-ethanol mixture for later analysis in a laboratory. The data was then analyzed using single and multiple variable variance analysis and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results showed that in all lakes burbots were the most abundant in the shallowest part of the littoral zone. At the same time, burbot larvae densities at different sample depths correlated very differently depending on the lake. Larvae densities at different sampling sites showed significant variances. Larvae were most abundant in coves that were sheltered from winds and currents. Both total larvae density and density at sampling sites varied greatly between the years. Correlation was found between larvae densities of the shallowest sample depth of lake Konnevesi and lake Puula. Correlation between larvae densities of pelagic zone between Lake Puula and Tehinselkä. Intriguingly all research lakes seemed to have the similar percentage of larvae in the pelagic zone when compared to the most abundant part, the shallowest part of the littoral zone. Overall, results give inside to possible new way to monitor burbot larvae occurrence, however more studies are required to confirm results and background variables that cause variation in different lakes.
Burbot (Lota lota) is the sole freshwater species of gadiform family that lives in northern hemisphere. In Finland Burbot was declared vulnerable as burbot stocks have decreased significantly. Burbot generally spawns in shallows during winter, however some populations have been shown to spawn in lake basins during spring. This a study about the evolution of burbot larvae occurrence both temporal and spatial changes and differences between groups. The data was collected during 1999–2020 while tracking of Coregonus larvae as they have similar habitat in larval stage. Research lakes were lake Konnevesi, lake Puula and Tehinselkä of lake Päijänne. Samples were collected from both littoral and epilimnion of the pelagic zone. Most samples were taken by boat using bongo nets, however shallow water (0–0,5 m) samples were taken by foot by using pipe net. All samples were preserved in formalin-ethanol mixture for later analysis in a laboratory. The data was then analyzed using single and multiple variable variance analysis and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results showed that in all lakes burbots were the most abundant in the shallowest part of the littoral zone. At the same time, burbot larvae densities at different sample depths correlated very differently depending on the lake. Larvae densities at different sampling sites showed significant variances. Larvae were most abundant in coves that were sheltered from winds and currents. Both total larvae density and density at sampling sites varied greatly between the years. Correlation was found between larvae densities of the shallowest sample depth of lake Konnevesi and lake Puula. Correlation between larvae densities of pelagic zone between Lake Puula and Tehinselkä. Intriguingly all research lakes seemed to have the similar percentage of larvae in the pelagic zone when compared to the most abundant part, the shallowest part of the littoral zone. Overall, results give inside to possible new way to monitor burbot larvae occurrence, however more studies are required to confirm results and background variables that cause variation in different lakes.
Main Author
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2023
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202309074966Use this for linking
Language
Finnish
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