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Mutation rate of ribosomal DNA copy number in Neurospora crassa

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Authors
Lehtonen, Suvi-Maaria
Date
2023
Discipline
Solu- ja molekyylibiologiaCell and molecular biology
Copyright
This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.

 
Ribosomaalinen DNA (rDNA) koodaa rRNA:ta, joka on ribosomien tärkeä rakenneosa. Eukaryooteilla rDNA esiintyy lukuisien identtisten toistojaksojen sarjoina. rDNA:n toistojaksojen tiedetään olevan yksi genomin epävakaimmista alueista, ja niissä esiintyy paljon kopiolukumäärän vaihtelua. Vaikka vaihtelun mekanismeista on tehty tutkimusta, syitä runsaalle kopiomäärälle ja sen muutosalttiudelle ei täysin tunneta, On esitetty, että se saattaa mahdollistaa lokuksen pienenemisen tai laajenemisen myötä paremman adaptaation muuttuviin olosuhteisiin. Tässä työssä tutkittiin Neurospora crassa -sienen rDNA:n kopiolukumäärän spontaania mutaatiovauhtia mutaatioakkumulaatiokokeen avulla ja estimoitiin valinnan vaikutusta mutaatiovauhtiin. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin mutaatioakkumulaatiokantoja ja luonnonkantoja. rDNA:n kopiolukumäärä analysoitiin droplet digital PCR-menetelmällä. rDNA-mutaatioita havaittiin useissa linjoissa, ja mutaatiovauhdiksi saatiin 18S rDNA:lle 1.10 [0.64, 1.72] x 10-5 ja 26S rDNA:lle 1.30 [0.09, 1.95] x 10-5 mutaatiota / mitoosi, mikä on melko korkea mutaatiovauhti. Deleetioita tapahtui huomattavasti enemmän kuin insertioita, mikä viittaa siihen, että mutaatiopaine pienentää rDNA:n kopiolukumäärää silloin kun muut mekanismit eivät vaikuta siihen. Koska mutaatioita tapahtui melko vähän, mutaatiomallia ei pystytty muodostamaan. ...
 
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) encodes ribosomal RNA, which is an essential structure of ribosomes. In eukaryotes rDNA loci contain multiple identical tandem repeat sequences and are susceptible to copy number variation (CNV). Although the mechanisms of copy number increase and decrease have been studied, the reasons underlying CNV are not yet completely understood. It has been suggested that environmental factors may change the copy number, and therefore it may be one of the mechanisms that helps the organism to adapt to changes in the environment. In this study, spontaneous mutation rate of 18S and 26S rDNA copy number of Neurospora crassa was studied using droplet digital PCR. N. crassa lines from a mutation accumulation experiment and from natural populations were used. The mutation accumulation lines had been cultured for 40 generations in a way that minimized the effect of selection. Mutation rate was estimated by comparing rDNA copy numbers between ancestors and different generations. This information was then used to estimate how selection affects mutation rate. The mutation rate in 18S rDNA was 1.10 [0.64, 1.72] x 10-5 and in 26S rDNA 1.30 [0.09, 1.95] x 10-5 mutations per mitosis, which is a relatively high mutation rate. There were significantly more deletions than insertions, suggesting that mutation pressure reduces rDNA copy number when other mechanisms are not involved. However, there were not enough mutations to form a mutation model. ...
 
Keywords
copy number variation effective population size mutation accumulation mutation rate rDNA mutaatiot DNA geenit solubiologia geneettinen muuntelu populaatiogenetiikka mutations genes cell biology genetic variation population genetics
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202307104452

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