Association between resting blood pressure and maximal blood pressure response to exercise and arterial health
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2022Copyright
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We investigated the longitudinal associations of blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and
arterial stiffness among children. Arterial stiffening has been repeatedly shown to be a
cardiovascular mortality predictor and can be observed early in childhood. As such, it is crucial
to understand whether a child’s blood pressure, fitness level, and body composition can predict
early signs of atherosclerosis and arterial stiffening. The current study examined the
relationship between blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and arterial stiffness over time
in children, using data from the Physical and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study. It is a
physical and dietary intervention study conducted in Kuopio, Finland. A total of 504 children
participated at baseline, 277 adolescents participated at 8-year follow-up, and 201 adolescents
were available for data analysis. The study measured blood pressure before and after a maximal
exercise test on an ergometer. The exercise test increased in intensity until the participant
reached exhaustion, and blood pressure was measured again after the test. Wave Velocity
(PWV) was only measured at 8-years follow up.
The main findings were that male adolescent (n=103) systolic blood pressure at rest in the
supine position before to exercise, maximal workload during an exercise test, and systolic blood
pressure immediately following exercise at baseline were significant predictors of pulse wave
velocity in an 8-year follow-up (p<.001b
). Systolic blood pressure immediately after exercise
(p=.010) and maximal workload during exercise (p=.013) were shown to be significant
predictors of PWV in male adolescents only. Only females' fat mass (p=.015) and percentage
of body fat (p=.016) was found to increase PWV, whereas males' lean soft tissue mass increased
PWV (p=.001).
The findings support the notion that blood pressure regulation and weight management should
be promoted from an early age, as prevention for early signs of atherosclerosis.
...
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