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Computational studies of catalytic active site properties and reactions at the metal–oxide interface

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JYU dissertations
Authors
Korpelin, Ville
Date
2022

 
In this thesis work, the geometric and electronic structures of metal–oxide catalysts were studied using density functional theory. The studied systems were zirconia-supported metal atoms and clusters, and ReOx-modified rhodium. Various aspects of these metal–oxide systems were investigated, including the metal– oxide interaction and interfacial properties, the structural variation and dynamics of the supported clusters, and the reducibility and acidity of the oxide components. The dissociation of water over the metal–oxide interface and the hydrodeoxygenation of glycerol on ReOx-modified Rh were used as model reactions. It was shown that small Pt and Rh clusters on zirconia exhibit unique interfacial reaction sites, producing non-scaling behavior in the interfacial water splitting reaction. Less stable cluster isomers were found to dissociate water more exothermically due to the stronger binding of the dissociated fragments. The challenges of simulating the dynamics of such clusters using constant-temperature DFT-MD were investigated, highlighting the necessity of tight SCF convergence and proper thermostatting to avoid anomalies such as temperature gradients. The metal-enhanced reducibility of monoclinic zirconia was studied using a variety of adsorbed single transition metal atoms, with Ir and Pt providing the strongest enhancement. To account for the origin of the enhancement, the metal– oxide and metal–vacancy binding were investigated in detail, with a focus on the charge transfer and covalent interactions. Finally, the metal-acid bifunctional ReOx–Rh catalyst was found to acid-catalyze the dehydroxylation of glycerol, with a competitive metal-catalyzed pathway possibly explaining the experimentally observed poor selectivity. The same catalyst was found unable to acidcatalyze the ring opening of glycidol, pointing toward a ring-size effect in solid acid catalysis. ...
 
Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin tiheysfunktionaaliteorian avulla metalli–oksidikatalyyttien geometrisia ja elektronisia rakenteita. Tutkittuina systeemeinä olivat zirkoniatuetut metalliatomit ja -klusterit, ja ReOx-muokattu rodium. Työssä tarkasteltiin näiden metalli–oksidi-systeemien useita piirteitä, kuten metalli–oksidivuorovaikutusta ja rajapinnan ominaisuuksia, tuettujen klustereiden rakenteellista vaihtelua ja dynamiikkaa, sekä oksidikomponentin pelkistyvyys- ja happamuusominaisuuksia. Mallireaktioina käytettiin veden dissosiaatiota metalli– oksidi-rajapinnalla ja glyserolin hydrodeoksygenaatiota ReOx-muokatulla rodiumilla. Työssä osoitettiin, että pienten Pt- ja Rh-klusterien rajapinnat zirkonialla sisältävät ainutlaatuisia reaktiopaikkoja, mikä johtaa veden halkeamisreaktiossa skaalautumattomaan käytökseen. Epästabiilimpien klusteri-isomeerien osoitettiin dissosioivan vettä eksotermisemmin, johtuen dissosioituneiden fragmenttien voimakkaammasta sitoutumisesta niille. Tällaisten klustereiden vakiolämpötiladynamiikan DFT-MD-simuloinnin haasteita tarkasteltiin, ja tuloksissa korostuivat tiukan SCF-konvergenssin ja oikein valitun termostaatin merkitys anomalioiden kuten lämpötilagradienttien välttämiseksi. Monokliinisen zirkonian metalliavusteista pelkistymistä tutkittiin useiden adsorboituneiden yksittäisten siirtymämetalliatomien tapauksessa, joista Ir ja Pt avustivat pelkistymistä voimakkaimmin. Ilmiön alkuperän selvittämiseksi metalli–oksidi- ja metalli–vakanssivuorovaikutuksia tarkasteltiin yksityiskohtaisesti keskittyen varauksensiirtoon ja kovalenttisiin vuorovaikutuksiin. Bifunktionaalisen metalli-happokatalyytin, ReOx–Rh:n, todettiin happokatalysoivan glyserolin dehydroksylaatiota, joskin kilpaileva metallikatalysoitu reaktiopolku on läsnä ja saattaa selittää kokeellisesti havaitun heikon selektiivisyyden. Sama katalyytti todettiin kyvyttömäksi happokatalysoimaan glysidolin renkaanaukeamisreaktiota, mikä viittaa renkaankokoefektiin kiinteähappokatalyysissä. ...
 
ISBN
978-951-39-9236-1
Contains publications
  • Artikkeli I: Kauppinen, M. M., Korpelin, V., Verma, M. A., Melander, M. M., & Honkala, K. (2019). Escaping scaling relationships for water dissociation at interfacial sites of zirconia-supported Rh and Pt clusters. Journal of Chemical Physics, 151(16), Article 164302. DOI: 10.1063/1.5126261. JYX: jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/68054
  • Artikkeli II: Korpelin, V., Kiljunen, T., Melander, M. M., Caro, M. A., Kristoffersen, H. H., Mammen, N., Apaja, V., & Honkala, K. (2022). Addressing Dynamics at Catalytic Heterogeneous Interfaces with DFT-MD : Anomalous Temperature Distributions from Commonly Used Thermostats. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 13(11), 2644-2652. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00230
  • Artikkeli III: Korpelin, V., Melander, M. M., & Honkala, K. (2022). Reducing the Irreducible : Dispersed Metal Atoms Facilitate Reduction of Irreducible Oxides. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 126(2), 933-945. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08979
  • Artikkeli IV: Korpelin, V., Sahoo, G., Ikonen, R., and Honkala, K. (2022). ReOx as a Brønsted acidic modifier in glycerol hydrodeoxygenation: computational insight into the balance between acid and metal catalysis. Submitted.
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http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-9236-1

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