Computational studies of catalytic active site properties and reactions at the metal–oxide interface
In this thesis work, the geometric and electronic structures of metal–oxide catalysts
were studied using density functional theory. The studied systems were
zirconia-supported metal atoms and clusters, and ReOx-modified rhodium. Various
aspects of these metal–oxide systems were investigated, including the metal–
oxide interaction and interfacial properties, the structural variation and dynamics
of the supported clusters, and the reducibility and acidity of the oxide components.
The dissociation of water over the metal–oxide interface and the hydrodeoxygenation
of glycerol on ReOx-modified Rh were used as model reactions.
It was shown that small Pt and Rh clusters on zirconia exhibit unique interfacial
reaction sites, producing non-scaling behavior in the interfacial water splitting
reaction. Less stable cluster isomers were found to dissociate water more
exothermically due to the stronger binding of the dissociated fragments. The
challenges of simulating the dynamics of such clusters using constant-temperature
DFT-MD were investigated, highlighting the necessity of tight SCF convergence
and proper thermostatting to avoid anomalies such as temperature gradients.
The metal-enhanced reducibility of monoclinic zirconia was studied using a variety
of adsorbed single transition metal atoms, with Ir and Pt providing the
strongest enhancement. To account for the origin of the enhancement, the metal–
oxide and metal–vacancy binding were investigated in detail, with a focus on
the charge transfer and covalent interactions. Finally, the metal-acid bifunctional
ReOx–Rh catalyst was found to acid-catalyze the dehydroxylation of glycerol,
with a competitive metal-catalyzed pathway possibly explaining the experimentally
observed poor selectivity. The same catalyst was found unable to acidcatalyze
the ring opening of glycidol, pointing toward a ring-size effect in solid
acid catalysis.
...
Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin tiheysfunktionaaliteorian avulla metalli–oksidikatalyyttien
geometrisia ja elektronisia rakenteita. Tutkittuina systeemeinä olivat
zirkoniatuetut metalliatomit ja -klusterit, ja ReOx-muokattu rodium. Työssä tarkasteltiin
näiden metalli–oksidi-systeemien useita piirteitä, kuten metalli–oksidivuorovaikutusta
ja rajapinnan ominaisuuksia, tuettujen klustereiden rakenteellista
vaihtelua ja dynamiikkaa, sekä oksidikomponentin pelkistyvyys- ja happamuusominaisuuksia.
Mallireaktioina käytettiin veden dissosiaatiota metalli–
oksidi-rajapinnalla ja glyserolin hydrodeoksygenaatiota ReOx-muokatulla rodiumilla.
Työssä osoitettiin, että pienten Pt- ja Rh-klusterien rajapinnat zirkonialla
sisältävät ainutlaatuisia reaktiopaikkoja, mikä johtaa veden halkeamisreaktiossa
skaalautumattomaan käytökseen. Epästabiilimpien klusteri-isomeerien osoitettiin
dissosioivan vettä eksotermisemmin, johtuen dissosioituneiden fragmenttien
voimakkaammasta sitoutumisesta niille. Tällaisten klustereiden vakiolämpötiladynamiikan
DFT-MD-simuloinnin haasteita tarkasteltiin, ja tuloksissa korostuivat
tiukan SCF-konvergenssin ja oikein valitun termostaatin merkitys anomalioiden
kuten lämpötilagradienttien välttämiseksi. Monokliinisen zirkonian metalliavusteista
pelkistymistä tutkittiin useiden adsorboituneiden yksittäisten siirtymämetalliatomien
tapauksessa, joista Ir ja Pt avustivat pelkistymistä voimakkaimmin.
Ilmiön alkuperän selvittämiseksi metalli–oksidi- ja metalli–vakanssivuorovaikutuksia
tarkasteltiin yksityiskohtaisesti keskittyen varauksensiirtoon
ja kovalenttisiin vuorovaikutuksiin. Bifunktionaalisen metalli-happokatalyytin,
ReOx–Rh:n, todettiin happokatalysoivan glyserolin dehydroksylaatiota, joskin kilpaileva
metallikatalysoitu reaktiopolku on läsnä ja saattaa selittää kokeellisesti
havaitun heikon selektiivisyyden. Sama katalyytti todettiin kyvyttömäksi happokatalysoimaan
glysidolin renkaanaukeamisreaktiota, mikä viittaa renkaankokoefektiin
kiinteähappokatalyysissä.
...




ISBN
978-951-39-9236-1Contains publications
- Artikkeli I: Kauppinen, M. M., Korpelin, V., Verma, M. A., Melander, M. M., & Honkala, K. (2019). Escaping scaling relationships for water dissociation at interfacial sites of zirconia-supported Rh and Pt clusters. Journal of Chemical Physics, 151(16), Article 164302. DOI: 10.1063/1.5126261. JYX: jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/68054
- Artikkeli II: Korpelin, V., Kiljunen, T., Melander, M. M., Caro, M. A., Kristoffersen, H. H., Mammen, N., Apaja, V., & Honkala, K. (2022). Addressing Dynamics at Catalytic Heterogeneous Interfaces with DFT-MD : Anomalous Temperature Distributions from Commonly Used Thermostats. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 13(11), 2644-2652. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00230
- Artikkeli III: Korpelin, V., Melander, M. M., & Honkala, K. (2022). Reducing the Irreducible : Dispersed Metal Atoms Facilitate Reduction of Irreducible Oxides. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 126(2), 933-945. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08979
- Artikkeli IV: Korpelin, V., Sahoo, G., Ikonen, R., and Honkala, K. (2022). ReOx as a Brønsted acidic modifier in glycerol hydrodeoxygenation: computational insight into the balance between acid and metal catalysis. Submitted.
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- Väitöskirjat [3178]
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