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Costs and benefits of pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestration in the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis)

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Authors
Mähönen, Marjut
Date
2022
Discipline
Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologiaEcology and evolutionary biology
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The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyväskylä University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/collections/archival-workstation).
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Aposemaattiset lajit, kuten generalisti täpläsiilikäs (Arctia plantaginis), viestivät syömäkelvottomuudestaan pedoille esim. kirkkain värein. Täpläsiilikäs käyttää puolustuksessaan ravinnosta eristämiään pyrrolitsidiinialkaloideja (PA:t), joiden käsittelyyn käytettävät resurssit ovat resurssiallokaatioteorian mukaan pois jostain muusta, kuten kasvusta. PA:n vaikutukset voivat erota spesialisti- ja generalistilajien välillä. Tässä tutkimuksessa manipuloin PA:ta sisältävän kasvimateriaalin määrää ravinnossa ja tutkin, aiheuttavatko yhdisteet elinkiertokustannuksia liittyen 1) toukkavaiheen kasvuun ja kehitykseen 2) toukkien immuunivasteen voimakkuuteen 3) aposemaattiseen väritykseen 4) puolustusnesteiden käyttöön aikuisvaiheessa sekä 5) parittelumenestykseen käyttäen täyssisarkoeasetelmaa. Tutkin myös mahdollisia geneettisiä eroja kolmen genotyyppilinjan avulla. PA-toukilla ilmeni mahdollisia allokaatiokustannuksia: ne kasvoivat nopeammin ja kehittivät isompia varoitussignaaleja mutta reagoivat immunologisesti heikommin. PA-ravinto alensi kotelopainoa, toukkien melanisaatiota ja naaraiden lisääntymiskykyä. Vaikutusta ei ollut aikuisvaiheen väritykseen tai puolustusnesteiden käyttöön, joissa sen sijaan ilmeni genotyyppien välisiä eroja. Tulokset lisäävät tietoa generalistien kyvystä käsitellä PA-yhdisteitä. ...
 
Aposematic species advertise their unpalatability to predators with e.g. bright colours. This is the case with the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis), a generalist herbivore that uses multiple defensive compounds to deter predators. They can sequester defensive compounds, such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), from their diet. According to resource allocation theory, resources invested in handling PAs cannot also be invested in other processes, such as growth. The costs and benefits of consuming toxins can also differ for specialists and generalists. Here, I manipulated the amount of plant material containing PAs in the diet and tested whether these compounds cause life history costs in 1) larval growth and development 2) strength of larval encapsulation response 3) larval and adult aposematic colouration 4) the release of adult defence fluids and 5) adult reproductive output with a full-sibling rearing design. I also studied possible genetic differences by using three genotype lineages. PA-diet larvae showed possible trade-offs by developing faster and having larger warning signals but lower pupal weight and lower melanization levels. PA-diet lowered encapsulation rate and reproductive output in females but increased encapsulation rate in males. PA-diet did not affect adult colouration or the release or quantity of defensive compounds: instead, these differed between genotypes. These results increase our knowledge about the capability of a generalist species to handle PA compounds. ...
 
Keywords
varoitusväri täpläsiilikäs perhoset alkaloidit siilikkäät loiset warning coloration wood tiger Lepidoptera alkaloids Arctiidae parasites
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202206223561

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