Biophysical characterization and interaction study of Staphylococcus aureus LytM
Abstract
Yleistyvä antibioottiresistenssi on yksi tämän hetken suurimmista terveydenhuollon tulevaisuutta uhkaavista haasteista. Erityisen huolestuttava ilmiö on moniresistenttien bakteerikantojen, kuten metisilliinille resistentin Staphylococcus aureuksen eli MRSA:n, yleistyminen. Resistentteihin kantoihin liittyy usein muita kantoja korkeampi kuolleisuus sekä taloudellisesti suuremmat kustannukset, mikä korostaa tarvetta kehittää vaihtoehtoisia tapoja hoitaa bakteeri-infektioita. Eräs kiinnostavista vaihtoehdoista on bakteerien soluseinän peptidoglykaania hajottava entsyymiryhmä peptidoglykaanihydrolaasit. Tässä tutkimuksessa käsiteltiin yhtä näistä entsyymeistä, lysostafiineihin kuuluvaa S. aureuksen autolysiiniä LytM. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli karakterisoida LytM:n N-terminaalisen domeenin liuosrakenne NMR-spektroskopiaa hyödyntäen ja selvittää aiemmasta kiderakenteesta puuttuvien epäjärjestäytyneiden alueiden rakenne. Rakenteen määrittämisen lisäksi LytM:n kahden domeenin välisiä vuorovaikutuksia sekä niitä yhdistävän linkkerialueen merkitystä tutkittiin titraatiokokeiden avulla. Tuloksena N-terminaaliselle domeenille määritettiin laadultaan hyvä liuosrakenne, josta havaittiin konstruktin N- ja C-terminaalisten päiden olevan epäjärjestäytyneitä. Titraatiokokeet osoittivat, että domeenien välisen vuorovaikutuksen muodostumiseen tarvitaan vähintään osittainen linkkerialue. Linkkerin todettiin laskostuvan osittain vuorovaikutuksen yhteydessä, ja vuorovaikutuspinta määritettiin proteiinin sekvenssissä aminohappoihin 130-148. Lisätutkimuksia tarvitaan aktivaatiomekanismin sekä N-terminaalisen domeenin merkityksen ja toimintojen selvittämiseksi.
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges the field of healthcare is currently facing. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains such as MRSA, the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is particularly alarming, as these strains are associated with higher costs and mortality. Thus, the development of alternative solutions for treating bacterial infections is a pressing issue. One of the potential alternatives to antibiotic drugs is a group of bacterial cell wall-degrading enzymes known as peptidoglycan hydrolases. One of these enzymes, LytM, an S. aureus autolysin of the lysostaphin family, was studied in this project. The aim was to characterize the solution structure of LytM N-terminal domain using NMR spectroscopy, with the focus on determining the putative disordered regions. Additionally, the interaction of the two domains of LytM was studied by titration experiments to better understand the binding of the domains and the role of the linker region connecting them. As a result, a solution structure of good quality was obtained, confirming the disordered nature of the N- and C-terminal ends of the construct. The interaction study showed that either a partial or complete linker was required for the two domains to interact. It was deduced that partial folding of the C-terminal end of the linker takes place when the domains interact, and the interaction surface was located to residues 130-148 in the amino acid sequence of the protein. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the linker region is essential for the interaction. Further studies are required for elucidating the activation mechanisms of LytM and the function of the N-terminal domain.
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges the field of healthcare is currently facing. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains such as MRSA, the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is particularly alarming, as these strains are associated with higher costs and mortality. Thus, the development of alternative solutions for treating bacterial infections is a pressing issue. One of the potential alternatives to antibiotic drugs is a group of bacterial cell wall-degrading enzymes known as peptidoglycan hydrolases. One of these enzymes, LytM, an S. aureus autolysin of the lysostaphin family, was studied in this project. The aim was to characterize the solution structure of LytM N-terminal domain using NMR spectroscopy, with the focus on determining the putative disordered regions. Additionally, the interaction of the two domains of LytM was studied by titration experiments to better understand the binding of the domains and the role of the linker region connecting them. As a result, a solution structure of good quality was obtained, confirming the disordered nature of the N- and C-terminal ends of the construct. The interaction study showed that either a partial or complete linker was required for the two domains to interact. It was deduced that partial folding of the C-terminal end of the linker takes place when the domains interact, and the interaction surface was located to residues 130-148 in the amino acid sequence of the protein. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the linker region is essential for the interaction. Further studies are required for elucidating the activation mechanisms of LytM and the function of the N-terminal domain.
Main Author
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2021
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202110065082Use this for linking
Language
English
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