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Characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteriophages and determination of phage resistance costs in bacterial hosts

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Authors
Ylänne, Matti
Date
2021
Discipline
Solu- ja molekyylibiologiaCell and molecular biology
Copyright
This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.

 
Antibioottien teho on heikennyt maailmanlaajuisesti ja resistenssisyys monia eri antibiootteja vastaan on yleistynyt lähes kaikissa eri bakteerilajeissa. Acinetobacter baumannii on noussut esiin merkittävimpänä monen antibioottiresistanssin omaavana patogeenina, varsinkin sairaalaympäristöissä. Tämä johtuu pääosin A. baumanniin tehokkaista geneettisistä ominaisuuksista, kuten sisäisen puolustuksen uudelleenjärjestelystä, jonka avulla bakteeri on kyennyt muun muassa keräämään resistenssisyyksiä monia antibiootteja vastaan. Se myös kykenee selviämään erilaisissa olosuhteissa, täten lisäten sen leviäväisyyttä. A. baumanniista on jo löytynyt kantoja, jotka ovat resistenttejä kaikille tunnetuille antibiooteille. Antibioottiresistenttien A. baumannii -kantojen infektiomäärien kasvaessa, uudet hoitokeinot ovat tarpeen. Faagiterapia eli bakteerispesifisten virusten (bakteriofaagien) käyttö on mahdollinen vaihtoehto antibioottiresistenttien bakteeri-infektioiden hoitoon. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli eristää faageja jätevedestä neljää eri antibioottiresistenttiä A. baumannii kantaa vastaan, tutkia faagiresistenssin kehitystä ja määrittää resistenssiyden vaikutukset bakteerin kasvuominaisuuksiin. Faagieristys jätevedestä ei onnistunut useista yrityksistä huolimatta. Täten, seitsemän aikaisemmin eristettyä faagia karakterisoitiin tutkimuksessa plakkianalyyseillä, kasvukokeilla, DNA sekvensoinnilla ja elektronimikroskopoinnilla. Kaikki faagit olivat aikaisemmin tuntemattomia ja ovat mahdollisesti potentiaalisia faagiterapiaa varten. ...
 
There has been a worldwide recession on effective antibiotics against increasing number of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria across multiple species. Acinetobacter baumannii has arisen as most notable multi-drug resistant species in clinical care associated infections. This is due to A. baumannii’s efficient genetic machinery and upregulation of innate resistance mechanisms, which has allowed the accumulated resistance towards multiple classes of antibiotics. Furthermore, it has remarkable capability to survive harsh environments, which makes it possible for the bacteria to endure a long time and transmit to a possible host. New strains of A. baumannii have emerged, which have acquired resistance towards almost all known classes of antibiotics. With increasing number of reports about multi-drug resistant A. baumannii infections and outbreaks, new therapeutic approaches are needed to be pursued. Using viruses that target bacteria (phages) to combat against bacterial drug resistance is a potential therapy option. The aims of the study were to isolate phages from sewage water against 4 different antibiotic resistant A. baumannii strains, assess the phage resistance mechanisms of development and determine their viability of phage therapy. Phage isolations were attempted from wastewater without success. Thus, 7 previously isolated phages from the same wastewater source, were characterized via plaque assays, growth tests, genome sequencing and electron microscopy. All phages seem to be novel and have potential for usage in phage therapy, but more information is still needed for proper therapy assessment. ...
 
Keywords
bakteriofagit antibiootit bakteerit fagiterapia Acinetobacter baumannii antibioottiresistenssi virukset mikrobiologia bacteriophages antibiotics bacteria phage therapy antibiotic resistance viruses microbiology
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202106294085

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