Developing a matrix framework for protein transition towards more sustainable diets

Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose a matrix framework to understand the interdependencies of domains and scales of protein transition towards diets based on plants and alternative sources of proteins. Design/methodology/approach The abductive research approach is used in building the framework, and the proposed framework is illustrated using the regional food system in Central Finland as an example. Focus groups and interviews were used to collect qualitative data from 28 respondents. Findings This study provides a framework for protein transition, with five domains and five scale levels. Interactions between public and private governance activities at different scales, domains and governed niche and regime levels are discussed. The study shows how micro-level activities at individual or community levels are linked with broader governance activities. Research limitations/implications Due to the relatively narrowed set of empirical data, further research is required to test the framework in different regional and cultural settings. Practical implications This paper presents a practical illustration of the matrix framework, and considering this, the paper discusses the possible implications of matrix interdependencies for protein transition management. Social implications This study proposes that understanding the coevolution of domains and scales, with the help of accurate policies and business models, can lead to effective protein transition. Originality/value This study fulfils an identified need to study protein transition in a broader frame, which highlights the structural activity interdependencies between different scale levels and domains.