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Theoretical Calculations for Electron Spectra and Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering in Context of Reactor Antineutrino and Gallium Anomalies

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JYU dissertations
Authors
Kostensalo, Joel
Date
2021

 
This thesis consists of fourteen publications and an introductory part on rare beta decays and neutrino-nucleus scattering. The overarching theme of this work is to provide state-of-the-art theoretical calculations for statistical inferences related to the existence of eV-scale sterile neutrinos. The first body of research relates to forbidden beta spectra and the reactor antineutrino anomaly. As a first application, the theoretical formalism is applied to several forbidden beta decays in order to study how adopting quenched values of the weak coupling constants gA and gV affects the shape of the electron spectrum. Next, the formalism is applied to the first-forbidden unique decays of argon isotopes 39,42Ar in order to produce high-precision spectra which could be utilized for modeling background radiation in rareevent searches. Following this, the mesonic enhancement of the ƴ5 matrix element, also known as the axial-charge matrix element, for decays between neutron-rich nuclei is studied in the A ≈95 and A ≈ 135 mass regions. These include transitions which play a role in reactor antineutrino experiments. The theoretical spectra are then compared with the experimental results of COBRA for 113Cd and EXO-200 for 137Xe in order to assess the quality of the theoretical predictions, and excellent agreement is found. The formalism is then applied to the 36 most important first-forbidden contributors to the cumulative β-spectrum from nuclear fission in order to reassess the nuclear structure uncertainties related to the reactor antineutrino anomaly. The nuclear structure uncertainties are found to be significantly larger than has been previously assumed. The second body of research focuses on charged-current scattering reactions for neutrinos and nuclei, with special emphasis on the gallium anomaly. Firstly, new estimates for solar and supernova neutrino cross sections for scattering off 40Ar are derived. Next, a new estimate for the solar neutrino cross section of 205Tl, an excellent candidate for radiochemical experiments, is evaluated. The formalism is then applied to the case of 71Ga in order to re-evaluate the theoretical cross section and to investigate possible shortcomings of chargeexchange reactions as a means of evaluating cross sections in the context of the gallium anomaly. The statistical significance of the gallium anomaly is found to be reduced by the new calculations. ...
 
Tämä väitöskirja koostuu neljästätoista artikkelista sekä harvinaisia beetahajoamisia ja neutriino–ydin-sirontaa käsittelevästä johdanto-osasta. Pyrkimyksenä on ollut laskea mahdollisimman tarkkoja teoreettisia arvioita steriilien neutriinojen olemassaoloon liittyvien kokeellisten tulosten tulkintaa varten. Työ koostuu kahdesta kokonaisuudesta, joista ensimmäinen liittyy kiellettyihin beetahajoamisiin ja reaktoriantineutriinoanomaliaan. Kiellettyjen siirtymien formalismin ensimmäisenä sovelluksena on tutkittu elektronispektrin herkkyyttä ydinrakennelaskuihin liittyville epävarmuuksille. Toisena sovelluskohteena ovat isotooppien 39,42Ar uniikit siirtymät, joiden elektronispektrit on laskettu pimeän aineen kokeissa esiintyvän taustasäteilyn poisrajaamista varten. Seuraavaksi on tarkasteltu aksiaalivarausmatriisielementin mesoninvaihtovirtoihin liittyvän voimistumisen vaikutusta reaktoriantineutriinoanomalian kannalta olennaisiin siirtymiin. Teoreettisten spektrien laatu varmistettiin vertaamalla tuloksia COBRA- ja EXO-200-mittauksiin. Tämän jälkeen formalismia on sovellettu kolmeenkymmeneenkuuteen reaktoriantineutriinoanomalian kannalta olennaisimpaan siirtymään ydinrakennelaskuihin liittyvien epävarmuuksien arvioimiseksi. Uudet laskut osoittavat, että teoreettisiin laskuihin liittyvät epävarmuudet ovat selvästi suurempia kuin aiemmissa tutkimuksissa on oletettu. Toisen kokonaisuuden muodostavat neutriino–ydin-sirontaan liittyvät laskut ja galliumanomalian tarkastelu. Ensimmäiseksi neutriino–ydin-sirontalaskujen kohteeksi on otettu 40Ar, jolle on määritetty uudet teoreettiset arviot aurinko- ja supernovaneutriinojen siroamistodennäköisyyksille. Seuraavana kohteena on ollut 205Tl, jota voitaisiin potentiaalisesti hyödyntää radiokemiallisissa neutriinokokeissa. Lopuksi on laskettu uudet arviot ytimen 71Ga vaikutusalalle neutriinolähdekokeissa. Uudet teoreettiset laskut osoittavat, että keinotekoisiin neutriinolähteisiin liittyvät vaikutusalat on saatettu aiemmin yliarvioida. ...
 
ISBN
978-951-39-8541-7
Contains publications
  • Artikkeli I: Kostensalo, J., Haaranen, M., & Suhonen, J. (2017). Electron spectra in forbidden β decays and the quenching of the weak axial-vector coupling constant gA. Physical Review C, 95 (4), 044313. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.95.044313
  • Artikkeli II: Kostensalo, J., & Suhonen, J. (2017). gA-driven shapes of electron spectra of forbidden β decays in the nuclear shell model. Physical Review C, 96 (2), 024317. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.96.024317
  • Artikkeli III: Kostensalo, J., Suhonen, J., & Zuber, K. (2018). Spectral shapes of forbidden argon β decays as background component for rare-event searches. Journal of Physics G : Nuclear and Particle Physics, 45 (2), 025202. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/aa958e
  • Artikkeli IV: Kostensalo, J., Suhonen, J., & Zuber, K. (2018). Shell-model computed cross sections for charged-current scattering of astrophysical neutrinos off 40Ar. Physical Review C, 97 (3), 034309. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.97.034309
  • Artikkeli V: Kostensalo, J., & Suhonen, J. (2018). Beta-spectrum shapes of forbidden β decays. International Journal of Modern Physics A, 33 (9), 1843008. DOI: 10.1142/S0217751X1843008X
  • Artikkeli VI: Kostensalo, J., & Suhonen, J. (2018). Mesonic enhancement of the weak axial charge and its effect on the half-lives and spectral shapes of first-forbidden J+↔J− decays. Physics Letters B, 781, 480-484. DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2018.02.053
  • Artikkeli VII: Hayen, L., Kostensalo, J., Severijns, N., & Suhonen, J. (2019). First-forbidden transitions in reactor antineutrino spectra. Physical Review C, 99 (3), 031301(R). DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.99.031301
  • Artikkeli VIII: Hayen, L., Kostensalo, J., Severijns, N., Suhonen, J. (2019). First-forbidden transitions in the reactor anomaly. Physical Review C, 100 (5), 054323. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.100.054323
  • Artikkeli IX: L. Bodenstein-Dresler et al. (2020). Quenching of gA deduced from the β-spectrum shape of 113Cd measured with the COBRA experiment. Physics Letters B, 800, 135092. DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2019.135092
  • Artikkeli X: Kostensalo, J., Suhonen, J., Giunti, C., Srivastava, P. C. (2019). The gallium anomaly revisited. Physics Letters B, 795, 542-547. DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2019.06.057
  • Artikkeli XI: Kostensalo, Joel; Suhonen, Jouni (2019). Anomalies and sterile neutrinos : Implications of new theoretical results. In Civitarese, Osvaldo; Stekl, Ivan; Suhonen, Jouni (Eds.) MEDEX’19 : Workshop on Calculation of Double-Beta-Decay Matrix Elements, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2165. American Institute of Physics, 020016. DOI: 10.1063/1.5130977
  • Artikkeli XII: Kostensalo, Joel, Suhonen, Jouni, Zuber, K. (2020). Calculated solar-neutrino capture rate for a radiochemical 205Tl-based solar-neutrino detector. Physical Review C, 101 (3), 031302(R). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.101.031302
  • Artikkeli XIII: Kumar, Anil; Srivastava, Praveen C.; Kostensalo, Joel; Suhonen, Jouni (2020). Second-forbidden nonunique β− decays of 24Na and 36Cl assessed by the nuclear shell model. Physical Review C, 101 (6), 064304. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.101.064304
  • Artikkeli XIV: S. Al Kharusi et al. (2020). Measurement of the Spectral Shape of the β-Decay of 137Xe to the Ground State of 137Cs in EXO-200 and Comparison with Theory. Physical Review Letters, 124 (23), 232502. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.232502
Keywords
ydinfysiikka hiukkasfysiikka ydinreaktiot elektronit neutriinot spektroskopia
URI

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8541-7

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