A little bit of help from the mother goes a long way : the effect of maternal antibodies on antibody levels and growth during the first year of the magpie (Pica pica)
Abstract
Emolta munan kautta siirtyvät vasta-aineet antavat tärkeän lyhytkestoisen
immuniteettisuojan linnunpoikasen ensimmäisten elinviikkojen aikana, kun sen
oma spesifisempi immuunipuolustus on vielä kehityksen alla. Emon vasta-
aineiden vaikutuksella poikasen vasta-ainetuotantoon ja kasvuun voi olla
mahdollisesti pitkäkestoisempia merkityksiä poikasen ilmiasun ja selviytymisen
kannalta, mutta aihetta on tutkittu vielä melko vähän. Tutkimuksessani selvitin,
miten emolta siirtyvät vasta-aineet vaikuttivat harakanpoikasten omiin vasta-
ainetasoihin ja kasvuun niiden ensimmäisen elinvuoden aikana. Poikasia
seurattiin ensin niiden kotipesässä kuoriutumisesta noin lentopoikasikäisiksi,
minkä jälkeen ne siirrettiin seurattaviksi ulkohäkkeihin seuraavaan kevääseen asti.
Emolta saatujen vasta-aineiden määrä mitattiin heti kuoriutumisen jälkeisistä
vasta-aineista. Emon vasta-aineet vaikuttivat positiivisesti sekä poikasten pesästä
lähdön aikaisiin vasta-ainetasoihin, painoon ja nilkan pituuteen, että pesästä
lähdön jälkeisiin vasta-ainetasoihin. Poikasten pesästä lähdön aikainen paino
vaikutti positiivisesti pesästä lähdön jälkeiseen painoon. Tämän tutkimuksen
perusteella luonnonvaraisen, pesäviipyisen lajin emon vasta-ainetasoilla on
positiivisia vaikutuksia sekä pesästä lähdön aikaisiin, että pesästä lähdön jälkeisiin
poikasen ominaisuuksiin sekä suoran että epäsuoran vaikutuksen kautta. Täten
emon vasta-aineilla on positiivinen vaikutus poikasen ilmiasuun, ja sitä kautta
mahdollisesti sen kelpoisuuteen ja selviytymiseen.
Antibodies transferred from a mother through an egg to her offspring are known to offer important short-term immune protection during the first few weeks after hatching while the offspring’s own specific immunity is still under development. Only few studies have focused on the possible long-term effects of maternal antibodies on the offspring phenotype and survival through their effect on offspring endogenous antibody production and growth. In this study I examined how maternal antibodies affected endogenous antibody levels and growth of magpies during their first year. The birds were monitored from hatching to fledging in their home nest, after which they were transferred to aviaries and followed until the next spring. The maternal antibody levels were analyzed from the antibodies after hatching. Maternal antibodies had a positive relationship with offspring antibody levels, weight, and tarsus length near fledging, and with young adult antibody levels after fledging, but had no relationship with young adult weight. The weight after fledging had positive relationship with the young adult weight. According to this study, the unmanipulated maternal antibody levels in wild altricial species had positive short-term effects on the fledgling characteristics and positive long-term effects on the young adult characteristics both directly and indirectly. Through their positive effect on offspring phenotype, maternal antibodies were probably also able to positively affect offspring fitness and survival.
Antibodies transferred from a mother through an egg to her offspring are known to offer important short-term immune protection during the first few weeks after hatching while the offspring’s own specific immunity is still under development. Only few studies have focused on the possible long-term effects of maternal antibodies on the offspring phenotype and survival through their effect on offspring endogenous antibody production and growth. In this study I examined how maternal antibodies affected endogenous antibody levels and growth of magpies during their first year. The birds were monitored from hatching to fledging in their home nest, after which they were transferred to aviaries and followed until the next spring. The maternal antibody levels were analyzed from the antibodies after hatching. Maternal antibodies had a positive relationship with offspring antibody levels, weight, and tarsus length near fledging, and with young adult antibody levels after fledging, but had no relationship with young adult weight. The weight after fledging had positive relationship with the young adult weight. According to this study, the unmanipulated maternal antibody levels in wild altricial species had positive short-term effects on the fledgling characteristics and positive long-term effects on the young adult characteristics both directly and indirectly. Through their positive effect on offspring phenotype, maternal antibodies were probably also able to positively affect offspring fitness and survival.
Main Author
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2020
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202012287354Use this for linking
Language
English
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The material is available for reading at the archive workstation of the University of Jyväskylä Library.
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