Stretch reflex threshold as a measure of spasticity of plantar flexor muscles before and after tailored strength training intervention in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors
Date
2020Copyright
This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.
CP-vammaisilla lapsilla ja nuorilla on useita oireita. Liikkumisen kannalta yksi haittaavin ja invalidisoivin on spastisuus. Spastisuuden määritelmä on epäselvä ja sen vuoksi mittaamisen ja hoitojen valinnassa ei ole yhtä selvää standardia. Voimaharjoittelu on tehokkain harjoitusmenetelmä voiman ja lihasmassan lisäämiseksi. Nykyään tiedetään myös sen useista tavoista vaikuttaa hermostoon ja sen seurauksena suoritusten paranemiseen. Venytysrefleksin herkkyyden mittaaminen on yleisin tapa mitata spastisuutta kun käytetään Lancen (1980) määritelmää spastisuudesta.
Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, onko voimaharjoitteluinterventiolla vaikutusta spastisuuteen CP-vammaisilla lapsilla ja nuorilla, kun mittarina käytetään toonisen venytysrefleksin kynnystä (TSRT) soleuksesta ja mediaalisesta gastrocnemiuksesta. Yhteensä 10 koehenkilöä osallistui mittauksiin ja kaikkien heidän tulokset analysoitiin. Mittaukset tehtiin ennen ja kolmen kuukauden voimaharjoitteluintervention jälkeen. Spastisuutta testattiin nilkan dynamometrilla, jossa venytykset tehtiin neljällä eri nopeudella. EMG-vasteet mitattiin soleuksesta ja mediaalisesta gastrocnemiuksesta.
Tilastollisessa analyysissä käytettiin Wilcoxon signed-rank testiä tutkimaan, oliko tuloksissa eroja ennen interventiota ja sen jälkeen, ja lisäksi oliko muutokset lihasten välillä yhtäläisiä. Friedmanin testiä käytettiin tarkastelemaan, oliko tuloksissa vaihtelua eri-ikäisillä tai eri nopeuksilla.
Tulokset tukevat hypoteesia, ettei voimaharjoittelulla ole negatiivisia vaikutuksia spastisuuteen CP-vammaisilla lapsilla ja nuorilla. Kolmessa tapauksista oli pieni muutos TSRT-mittausten välillä, mutta kulman muutos oli vain ± 1 astetta. TSRT mittaus näyttää tuottavan luotettavampia tuloksia, kun venytysrefleksiä mitataan MG:sta. Iällä ei ole merkittävää vaikutusta TSRT -mittauksen tuloksiin ja siksi sen voidaan katsoa olevan sopiva menetelmä lapsille ja nuorille.
...
Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy have various symptoms. One of the most disturbing and disabling for locomotion is spasticity. The measurements and treatments have no clear cause-effect standard due to the fact that the definition of spasticity is ambiguous. Strength training is the most effective training method to increase strength and muscle mass. It is also known to affect the nervous system in various ways most often leading to improvements in performance. Stretch reflex excitability is the most commonly used way to measure spasticity.
The purpose of this study was to find out whether the spasticity measured with tonic stretch reflex threshold (TSRT) from the soleus (SOL) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles is affected by strength training intervention in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). A total of 10 subjects were measured and all of them were included for further analysis. Measurements were done before and after three months strength training intervention. Spasticity was tested with an ankle dynamometer, which induced stretches at four different velocities. Surface EMG was recorded from the SOL and MG muscles.
In statistical analysis Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to study differences between pre- and post- measurements and to determine whether there were similarities between SOL and MG muscles. Friedman’s test was used to study if there were variance with the age and different velocities.
Results support the hypothesis that strength training does not have a negative impact on spasticity in the CP population. In three cases the results showed small changes in TSRT values, but the changes were only ± 1 degrees in the angle. The TSRT measurement produces more reliable outcomes when measuring the stretch reflex from MG. There is no significant difference when using TSRT in different ages, and therefore it can be considered as an appropriate measurement for children and adolescents.
...
Keywords
Metadata
Show full item recordCollections
- Pro gradu -tutkielmat [29561]
Related items
Showing items with similar title or keywords.
-
Improving gait in cerebral palsy : effects of a combined strength, flexibility and gait training Intervention on lower limb gait kinematics and kinetics in children and young adults with spastic cerebral palsy
Thamm, Antonia (2021)INTRODUCTION. Walking ability is a fundamental skill enabling participation and independence. For people with cerebral palsy (CP) gait can be impaired due to altered musculoskeletal development resulting from a lesion of ... -
Revising the stretch reflex threshold method to measure stretch hyperreflexia in cerebral palsy
Valadão, Pedro; Bar-On, Lynn; Cenni, Francesco; Piitulainen, Harri; Avela, Janne; Finni, Taija (Frontiers Media SA, 2022)Hyper-resistance is an increased resistance to passive muscle stretch, a common feature in neurological disorders. Stretch hyperreflexia, an exaggerated stretch reflex response, is the neural velocity-dependent component ... -
P 042 - Gait complexity quantified using inertial measurement units in children with cerebral palsy
Piitulainen, H.; Rantalainen, Timo; Kulmala, J. P.; Mäenpää, H. (Elsevier BV, 2018)Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have various gait impairments, and consequently their gait is less stable compared to typically developed (TD) controls. Gait kinematics are also affected more in CP than TD by concurrent ... -
Exercise intervention protocol in children and young adults with cerebral palsy : the effects of strength, flexibility and gait training on physical performance, neuromuscular mechanisms and cardiometabolic risk factors (EXECP)
Valadão, Pedro; Piitulainen, Harri; Haapala, Eero A.; Parviainen, Tiina; Avela, Janne; Finni, Taija (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021)Background Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have problems in everyday tasks such as walking and climbing stairs due to a combination of neuromuscular impairments such as spasticity, muscle weakness, reduced joint ... -
Physical activity intention and attendance behaviour in Finnish youth with cerebral palsy : results from a physical activity intervention : an application of the theory of planned behaviour
Ruiz, Alfredo; Ng, Kwok; Rintala, Pauli; Kaseva, Kaisa; Finni, Taija (Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation, 2021)Physical activity is associated with better health in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Numerous physical activity interventions have been designed to promote physical activity among youth with CP. No previous studies ...