Lohkoketjuteknologia osana IoT-ekosysteemejä
Abstract
Viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana IoT, eli esineiden internet, on juurtunut pysyväksi
osaksi eri yhteiskuntamme osa-alueita. Esineiden internettiä hyödynnetään
niin kotitalouksissa kuin teollisuudessakin erilaisten tehtävien hoitamiseen
ja liiketoiminnan tehostamiseen. Yleistymisen myötä on kuitenkin herännyt
paljon kysymyksiä IoT laitteiden turvallisuuteen ja skaalautumiseen liittyen
nykyisen arkkitehtuurimallin puitteissa. Ennen kuin IoT voidaan ottaa laajemmin
käyttöön, on siihen liittyvät heikkoudet pyrittävä ratkaisemaan mahdollisimman
tehokkaasti. Yksi keino näiden heikkouksien ratkaisuun on lohkoketjuteknologian
käyttö osana IoT-ekosysteemeitä. Tutkielman tavoitteena on tutkia
kuinka IoT:n ja lohkoketjuteknologian yhdistäminen tapahtuu erilaisten mallien
avulla ja millaisia positiivisia vaikutuksia sillä on. Lisäksi tutkielmassa otetaan
kantaan tiedossa oleviin mahdollisiin ongelmiin. Tutkielma toteutettiin kirjallisuuskatsauksena
ja sen lopputuloksena saatiin selville erilaisia malleja, joilla
yhdistäminen voidaan toteuttaa. Tutkimuksessa saatiin myös selville, minkälaisia
positiivisia vaikutuksia lohkoketjujen käytöllä on IoT laitteiden toimintaan
erilaissa ympäristöissä. Tämän lisäksi selville saatiin mahdolliset ongelmat, joita
voi ilmetä teknologioiden yhdistämisen seurauksena. Tutkielmassa todettiin,
että lohkoketjujen ja IoT laitteiden onnistuneella migraatiolla saadaan huomattavaa
etua, verrattuna vanhaan keskitettyyn arkkitehtuuriin. Keskeisiä etuja on
hajautetun arkkitehtuurin tuoma vakaus ja tiedon säilyvyys. Erityisesti lohkoketjujen
ja IoT-ekosysteemeiden rooli osana teollisuuden kehitystä on tutkielmassa
suuressa osassa. Tutkielmassa selviää myös paljon mahdollisia ongelmakohtia
niin teknisessä toteutuksessa kuin vallitsevassa ympäristössä, jotka voivat
hidastaa ratkaisujen käyttöönottoa tulevaisuudessa. Ongelmia aiheuttaa
muun muassa lainsäädännöt ja laitteiden nykyinen suoritusteho.
Asiasanat: IoT, esineiden internet, blockchain, hajautettu arkkitehtuuri
Over the last decade Internet of Things (IoT) has become a permanent part of all aspects of our society. The Internet of Things is used in both households and industry to perform various tasks and increase business efficiency. However, with widespread use, many questions have been raised about the security and scalability of IoT devices within the current architectural model. Before IoT can be more widely deployed in everyday life and in critical infrastructure, its weaknesses must be addressed as effectively as possible. One way to address these weaknesses is to use blockchain technology as part of IoT ecosystems. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the migration of IoT and blockchain technology takes place using different models and what positive effects it has. In addition, the thesis takes a position on known problems. This thesis was carried out as a literature review. The study also found out what positive effects the use of blockchains has on the operation of IoT devices in different environments. In addition, potential problems that may arise as a result of the combination of technologies were identified. The study found that successful migration of blockchains and IoT-devices provides a significant advantage over the old centralized architecture. Key benefits include the stability and data retention provided by a decentralized architecture. In particular, the role of blockchains and IoT ecosystems as part of industrial development is largely covered in the dissertation. However, the dissertation also reveals many possible problem areas both in the technical implementation and in the prevailing environment. Problems are caused by for example legislation and the current performance of IoT devices. Keywords: IoT, blockchain, Internet of Things, Decentralization
Over the last decade Internet of Things (IoT) has become a permanent part of all aspects of our society. The Internet of Things is used in both households and industry to perform various tasks and increase business efficiency. However, with widespread use, many questions have been raised about the security and scalability of IoT devices within the current architectural model. Before IoT can be more widely deployed in everyday life and in critical infrastructure, its weaknesses must be addressed as effectively as possible. One way to address these weaknesses is to use blockchain technology as part of IoT ecosystems. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the migration of IoT and blockchain technology takes place using different models and what positive effects it has. In addition, the thesis takes a position on known problems. This thesis was carried out as a literature review. The study also found out what positive effects the use of blockchains has on the operation of IoT devices in different environments. In addition, potential problems that may arise as a result of the combination of technologies were identified. The study found that successful migration of blockchains and IoT-devices provides a significant advantage over the old centralized architecture. Key benefits include the stability and data retention provided by a decentralized architecture. In particular, the role of blockchains and IoT ecosystems as part of industrial development is largely covered in the dissertation. However, the dissertation also reveals many possible problem areas both in the technical implementation and in the prevailing environment. Problems are caused by for example legislation and the current performance of IoT devices. Keywords: IoT, blockchain, Internet of Things, Decentralization
Main Author
Format
Theses
Bachelor thesis
Published
2020
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006164221Use this for linking
Language
Finnish