The developmental trajectories of task values and achievement strategies among dual career athletes in high school
Abstract
Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia, millaisia motivaatioprofiileja on löydettävissä
kaksoisuraurheilijoilla niin koulussa kuin urheilussa lukion aikana, sekä kuinka koulutukseen liittyvät
motivaatioprofiilit ovat yhteydessä urheiluun liittyviin motivaatioprofiileihin. Motivaatiomuuttujina
olivat tehtäväkohtaiset arvot ja saavutusstrategiat. Saavutusstrategiat sisälsivät onnistumisodotukset
ja tehtävän välttelyn. Tutkimuksen lopullinen otoskoko koostui 510 opiskelijaurheilijasta seitsemästä
eri urheilulukiosta Suomessa. Jokaisena lukiovuonna tutkittavat täyttivät kyselyn urheilun ja koulun
osalta koskien tehtäväkohtaisia arvoja ja saavutusstrategioita. Latentti profiilianalyysi suoritettiin
erilaisten motivaatioprofiilien tunnistamiseksi. Motivaatiomuuttujien pysyvyyttä ja muutosta sekä
eroja eri motivaatioprofiilien välillä tutkittiin Waldin testillä. Lopuksi kouluun liittyvien
motivaatioprofiilien yhteyttä urheiluun liittyvien motivaatioprofiilien välillä tutkittiin latentilla
siirtymäanalyysillä (LTA; Lanza & Collins, 2008). Koulukontekstista löytyi viisi motivaatioprofiilia:
(a) Matalat arvot koulussa; (b) Maladaptiiviset strategiat koulussa; (c) Keskinkertainen
koulumotivaatio; (d) Korkea koulumotivaatio; sekä (e) Matala koulumotivaatio. Myös
urheilukontekstista löytyi viisi profiilia: (a) Korkea urheilumotivaatio; (b) Keskinkertainen
urheilumotivaatio; (c) Matalat arvot urheilussa; (d) Vakaa urheilumotivaatio; sekä (e) Matala
urheilumotivaatio. Opiskelija-urheilijat näyttivät olevan enemmän motivoituneita urheilussa kuin
koulussa, sillä tehtäväkohtaiset arvot olivat korkeampia sekä tehtävän välttely matalampaa urheilussa
kuin koulussa. Yleisesti motivaatiossa tapahtui vain pieniä muutoksia ajan kuluessa, ja nämä
muutokset liittyivät tehtäväkohtaisten arvojen laskuun ja tehtävän välttelyn kasvamiseen sekä
koulussa että urheilussa. Onnistumisodotukset pysyivät suhteellisen vakaina koko lukion ajan.
Latentti siirtymäanalyysi osoitti, että opiskelijaurheilijat olivat hyvin motivoituneita urheiluun
huolimatta koulumotivaation tasosta, kun taas opiskelijaurheilijat, jotka edustivat tiettyä
motivaatioprofiilia urheilussa, kuuluivat myös todennäköisemmin samankaltaiseen profiiliin
koulussa. Tämä tutkimuksen perusteella näyttäisi siltä, että tehtäväkohtaiset arvot ja tehtävän välttely
saattaisivat olla enemmän kontekstiin liittyviä motivaatiotekijöitä, kun taas onnistumisodotukset
olisivat enemmän yhteydessä yksilön piirteenomaisiin taipumuksiin.
The aim of the present study was to investigate what kind of motivational profiles can be found among dual-career athletes during high school in both educational and sport contexts, and how are the schoolrelated motivational profiles associated with the sport-related motivational profiles. Task values and achievement strategies, including success expectations and task avoidance, were used as criteria variables of motivation. A total of 510 student-athletes from seven sport high schools in Finland participated in the study by filling out a self-report questionnaire during each year of high school. The questionnaire included items considering task values and achievement strategies in both school and sport contexts. A latent profile analysis was then performed to identify different motivational profiles and the stability of and changes in motivational variables, as well as the differences between motivational profiles, were examined with Wald´s test. Finally, the association of school-related and sport-related motivational profiles was examined by using a latent transition analysis (LTA; Lanza & Collins, 2008). To summarize the results, five motivational profiles were found in school: (a) Low value for school; (b) Maladaptive strategies for school; (c) Moderate school motivation; (d) High school motivation; and (e) Low school motivation. Five profiles were also found in sport: (a) High sport motivation; (b) Moderate sport motivation; (c) Low values for sport; (d) Stable sport motivation; and (e) Low sport motivation. Student-athletes were typically more motivated in sport than in school, which was illustrated by higher task values and lower task avoidance in sport than in school. In general, only small changes occurred in motivation over time, which was reflected in a decrease in task values and an increase in task avoidance in both domains. Success expectations remained relatively stable over time. The latent transition analysis revealed that student-athletes appeared to be in general highly motivated for sport regardless of the level of motivation for school. Furthermore, student-athletes representing a certain kind of motivational profile in sport were likely to show a similar one in school. Considering the findings, the present study suggests that task values and task avoidance may be rather context-related motivational factors, whereas success expectations seem to be more related to an individual´s trait-like tendencies.
The aim of the present study was to investigate what kind of motivational profiles can be found among dual-career athletes during high school in both educational and sport contexts, and how are the schoolrelated motivational profiles associated with the sport-related motivational profiles. Task values and achievement strategies, including success expectations and task avoidance, were used as criteria variables of motivation. A total of 510 student-athletes from seven sport high schools in Finland participated in the study by filling out a self-report questionnaire during each year of high school. The questionnaire included items considering task values and achievement strategies in both school and sport contexts. A latent profile analysis was then performed to identify different motivational profiles and the stability of and changes in motivational variables, as well as the differences between motivational profiles, were examined with Wald´s test. Finally, the association of school-related and sport-related motivational profiles was examined by using a latent transition analysis (LTA; Lanza & Collins, 2008). To summarize the results, five motivational profiles were found in school: (a) Low value for school; (b) Maladaptive strategies for school; (c) Moderate school motivation; (d) High school motivation; and (e) Low school motivation. Five profiles were also found in sport: (a) High sport motivation; (b) Moderate sport motivation; (c) Low values for sport; (d) Stable sport motivation; and (e) Low sport motivation. Student-athletes were typically more motivated in sport than in school, which was illustrated by higher task values and lower task avoidance in sport than in school. In general, only small changes occurred in motivation over time, which was reflected in a decrease in task values and an increase in task avoidance in both domains. Success expectations remained relatively stable over time. The latent transition analysis revealed that student-athletes appeared to be in general highly motivated for sport regardless of the level of motivation for school. Furthermore, student-athletes representing a certain kind of motivational profile in sport were likely to show a similar one in school. Considering the findings, the present study suggests that task values and task avoidance may be rather context-related motivational factors, whereas success expectations seem to be more related to an individual´s trait-like tendencies.
Main Authors
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2020
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006114132Use this for linking
Language
English
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