Erityislasten vanhempien uupumus ja tuen tarve
Abstract
Vanhemmuuden uupumus on vakava oireyhtymä, joka on seurausta pitkäaikaisesta stressistä vanhemmuudessa. Uupuneille vanhemmille tarjottu tuki onkin ensiarvoisen tärkeää,
sillä vanhemman hyvinvointi heijastuu koko perheen hyvinvointiin. Erityislapsen vanhemmuus on yksi riskitekijä vanhemmuuden uupumukselle, sillä se tuo mukanaan erityisiä kuormitustekijöitä sekä niiden myötä myös kokemuksen poikkeuksellisen vanhemmuuden tarjoamisesta. Erityislasten vanhempien uupumustutkimus on ollut vähäistä ja
siksi tämän tutkimuksen keskiössä ovat erityislasten vanhemmat ja heidän kokemuksensa
tuen tarpeesta.
Tässä tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvittämään, onko erityislasten vanhemmilla enemmän vanhemmuuden uupumusta kuin muiden perheiden vanhemmilla ja näyttäytyvätkö
uupumuksen osa-alueet heidän kohdallaan eri tavalla. Lisäksi selvitettiin, millaista tukea
erityislasten vanhemmat toivoisivat saavansa. Tutkielma toteutettiin osana Jyväskylän
yliopiston Vanhemmuuden voimavara- ja kuormitustekijät (VoiKu) -hanketta, joka kuuluu kansainväliseen International Investigation of Parental Burnout (IIPB) -tutkimukseen.
VoiKu-tutkimukseen osallistui 1725 suomalaisvanhempaa, joista 24 % oli erityislapsen
vanhempia. Kyselylomakkeella kerätyn aineiston analysoinnissa hyödynnettiin määrällisen aineiston osalta monimuuttujaista varianssianalyysiä ja laadullisen aineiston osalta
temaattista analyysiä.
Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että erityislasten vanhemmat uupuivat muita vanhempia
enemmän ja erityislapsen vanhemmuus selitti vanhemmuuden uupumusta erityisesti uupumusasteisen väsymyksen osalta. Lisäksi löydettiin tarpeita ja toiveita siitä, millaista
tukea erityislasten vanhemmat haluaisivat heille tarjottavan. Kaiken kaikkiaan erityislasten vanhemmille tarjottavan tuen tulisi tukea vanhemman hyvinvointia ja perustua heidän
yksilölliseen kokemukseensa erityislapsen vanhemmuudestaan. Tämä tutkimus tarjoaa
ikkunan erityislapsen vanhemmuuden kokemusmaailmaan lisäten ymmärrystä erityislapsen vanhemmuuden uupumuksesta ja siten auttaa kehittämään heille tarjottavaa tukea.
Parental burnout is a severe syndrome caused by chronic parental stress. The support offered to exhausted parents is crucial, because the wellbeing of a parent influences the wellbeing of the entire family. Having a child with special needs is a risk factor for parental burnout - it burdens the parenthood by requiring exceptional demands of parenting. Because only few studies so far have investigated parents of children with special needs there is a need for this kind of study. The aim of this study was to compare whether parents of children with special needs experience more parental burnout than other parents in terms of overall parental burnout, on one hand, and its subscales (exhaustion in one's role as a parent, emotional distancing from one's children, being fed up to one's parental role, contrast to one's previous parental self), on the other. Furthermore, this study investigates what kind of support the parents of children with special needs would like to have. This study was conducted as a part of Vanhemmuuden voimavara- ja kuormitustekijät (VoiKu) project at the University of Jyväskylä. VoiKu is a part of the International Investigation of Parental Burnout (IIPB) study. The participants were 1725 Finnish parents (91 % mothers) who participated in the VoiKu survey, and 24 % of them were parents of children with special needs. The results were analyzed by using quantitative (multivariate analysis of variance) and qualitative (thematic analysis) methods. The study revealed that parents of children with special needs were more burned out as parents and experienced particularly light levels of emotional exhaustion compared to other parents. Additionally, the study indicated that the support that is offered to parents should focus on improving parents’ wellbeing and it should be based on the individual experiences of each parent of a child with a special need. This study provides knowledge about the parental burnout among parents of children with special needs and thus helps generate different paths of support.
Parental burnout is a severe syndrome caused by chronic parental stress. The support offered to exhausted parents is crucial, because the wellbeing of a parent influences the wellbeing of the entire family. Having a child with special needs is a risk factor for parental burnout - it burdens the parenthood by requiring exceptional demands of parenting. Because only few studies so far have investigated parents of children with special needs there is a need for this kind of study. The aim of this study was to compare whether parents of children with special needs experience more parental burnout than other parents in terms of overall parental burnout, on one hand, and its subscales (exhaustion in one's role as a parent, emotional distancing from one's children, being fed up to one's parental role, contrast to one's previous parental self), on the other. Furthermore, this study investigates what kind of support the parents of children with special needs would like to have. This study was conducted as a part of Vanhemmuuden voimavara- ja kuormitustekijät (VoiKu) project at the University of Jyväskylä. VoiKu is a part of the International Investigation of Parental Burnout (IIPB) study. The participants were 1725 Finnish parents (91 % mothers) who participated in the VoiKu survey, and 24 % of them were parents of children with special needs. The results were analyzed by using quantitative (multivariate analysis of variance) and qualitative (thematic analysis) methods. The study revealed that parents of children with special needs were more burned out as parents and experienced particularly light levels of emotional exhaustion compared to other parents. Additionally, the study indicated that the support that is offered to parents should focus on improving parents’ wellbeing and it should be based on the individual experiences of each parent of a child with a special need. This study provides knowledge about the parental burnout among parents of children with special needs and thus helps generate different paths of support.
Main Authors
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2020
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202005273506Use this for linking
Language
Finnish