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dc.contributor.authorNykänen, Tarja
dc.contributor.authorPihlainen, Kai
dc.contributor.authorSanttila, Matti
dc.contributor.authorVasankari, Tommi
dc.contributor.authorFogelholm, Mikael
dc.contributor.authorKyröläinen, Heikki
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-23T09:11:11Z
dc.date.available2019-09-15T21:35:36Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationNykänen, T., Pihlainen, K., Santtila, M., Vasankari, T., Fogelholm, M., & Kyröläinen, H. (2019). Diet Macronutrient Composition, Physical Activity, and Body Composition in Soldiers During 6 Months Deployment. <i>Military Medicine</i>, <i>184</i>(3-4), e231-e237. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy232" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy232</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_28259717
dc.identifier.otherTUTKAID_78815
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/64143
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Optimal diet together with good physical fitness maintains readiness and military performance during longer deployments. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in dietary macronutrient and energy intake, total physical activity and body composition during a 6-month deployment in South Lebanon. Furthermore, associations of diet macronutrient intake and physical activity on body composition were also studied. - Materials and Methods: Forty male soldiers kept a 3-day food diary and their body composition was measured via bioimpedance and ultrasonography. Total physical activity was evaluated by accelerometers in a subgroup of participants. Measurements were conducted in the PRE-, MID-, and POST-deployment. - Results: Mean carbohydrate intakes were 39.5–42.6 E%, protein intakes 18.7–22.3 E%, and fat intakes 34.9–35.7 E%. Daily energy intake remained stable (10.1–10.3 MJ/D). Total physical activity was decreased during deployment (e.g., step count from 9,835 ± 2,743 to 8,388 ± 2,875 steps/day, p = 0.007). Skeletal muscle mass and subcutaneous fat increased by 1.3% (p = 0.019) and 1.9% (p = 0.006), respectively. Energy and fat intake associated positively with body mass and skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.31–0.48, p < 0.05–0.001). - Conclusions: Carbohydrate intakes and physical activity were low, compared with the general recommendations. Protein intakes were relatively high. Skeletal muscle mass and subcutaneous fat increased. Suboptimal diet together with low level of physical activity may have a negative impact on body composition, physical performance, and cardiometabolic health. Consequently, soldiers should be encouraged to consume more fiber-rich carbohydrates and less saturated fatty acids as well as maintain a high level of physical fitness to sustain military readiness during long-term deployments.fi
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.languageeng
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAssociation of Military Surgeons
dc.relation.ispartofseriesMilitary Medicine
dc.rightsIn Copyright
dc.subject.otherphysical activity
dc.subject.othermacronutrient
dc.titleDiet Macronutrient Composition, Physical Activity, and Body Composition in Soldiers During 6 Months Deployment
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201905222729
dc.contributor.laitosLiikuntatieteellinen tiedekuntafi
dc.contributor.laitosFaculty of Sport and Health Sciencesen
dc.contributor.oppiaineLiikuntafysiologiafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineExercise Physiologyen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.date.updated2019-05-22T12:15:12Z
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.format.pagerangee231-e237
dc.relation.issn0026-4075
dc.relation.numberinseries3-4
dc.relation.volume184
dc.type.versionacceptedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2018.
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.subject.ysoravitsemuskäyttäytyminen
dc.subject.ysofyysinen aktiivisuus
dc.subject.ysokehonkoostumus
dc.subject.ysosotilaat
dc.subject.ysoravintoaineet
dc.format.contentfulltext
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p5528
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p23102
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p26989
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2504
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p3939
dc.rights.urlhttp://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en
dc.relation.doi10.1093/milmed/usy232
dc.type.okmA1


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