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dc.contributor.authorShishido, Tânia Keiko
dc.contributor.authorJokela, Jouni
dc.contributor.authorHumisto, Anu
dc.contributor.authorSuurnäkki, Suvi
dc.contributor.authorWahlsten, Matti
dc.contributor.authorAlvarenga, Danillo O.
dc.contributor.authorSivonen, Kaarina
dc.contributor.authorFewer, David P.
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-20T08:15:15Z
dc.date.available2019-05-20T08:15:15Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationShishido, T. K., Jokela, J., Humisto, A., Suurnäkki, S., Wahlsten, M., Alvarenga, D. O., Sivonen, K., & Fewer, D. P. (2019). The Biosynthesis of Rare Homo-Amino Acid Containing Variants of Microcystin by a Benthic Cyanobacterium. <i>Marine Drugs</i>, <i>17</i>(5), Article 271. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/md17050271" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/md17050271</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_30677042
dc.identifier.otherTUTKAID_81455
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/64068
dc.description.abstractMicrocystins are a family of chemically diverse hepatotoxins produced by distantly related cyanobacteria and are potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Here we provide evidence for the biosynthesis of rare variants of microcystin that contain a selection of homo-amino acids by the benthic strain Phormidium sp. LP904c. This strain produces at least 16 microcystin chemical variants many of which contain homophenylalanine or homotyrosine. We retrieved the complete 54.2 kb microcystin (mcy) gene cluster from a draft genome assembly. Analysis of the substrate specificity of McyB1 and McyC adenylation domain binding pockets revealed divergent substrate specificity sequences, which could explain the activation of homo-amino acids which were present in 31% of the microcystins detected and included variants such as MC-LHty, MC-HphHty, MC-LHph and MC-HphHph. The mcy gene cluster did not encode enzymes for the synthesis of homo-amino acids but may instead activate homo-amino acids produced during the synthesis of anabaenopeptins. We observed the loss of microcystin during cultivation of a closely related strain, Phormidium sp. DVL1003c. This study increases the knowledge of benthic cyanobacterial strains that produce microcystin variants and broadens the structural diversity of known microcystins.fi
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartofseriesMarine Drugs
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.subject.otheradenylation domain
dc.subject.otherhepatotoxin
dc.subject.othernonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)
dc.subject.otherpolyketide synthase (PKS)
dc.titleThe Biosynthesis of Rare Homo-Amino Acid Containing Variants of Microcystin by a Benthic Cyanobacterium
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201905172665
dc.contributor.laitosBio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitosfi
dc.contributor.laitosDepartment of Biological and Environmental Scienceen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.date.updated2019-05-17T12:15:14Z
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.relation.issn1660-3397
dc.relation.numberinseries5
dc.relation.volume17
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© The Authors, 2019.
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.subject.ysobiosynteesi
dc.subject.ysotoksiinit
dc.subject.ysosyanobakteerit
dc.subject.ysomassaspektrometria
dc.format.contentfulltext
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p14405
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p10863
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p3324
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p10755
dc.rights.urlhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.relation.doi10.3390/md17050271
dc.type.okmA1


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