Running in highly cushioned shoes increases leg stiffness and amplifies impact loading
Kulmala, J.-P., Kosonen, J., Nurminen, J., & Avela, J. (2018). Running in highly cushioned shoes increases leg stiffness and amplifies impact loading. Scientific Reports, 8, Article 17496. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35980-6
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Scientific ReportsDate
2018Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018
Running shoe cushioning has become a standard method for managing impact loading and consequent
injuries due to running. However, despite decades of shoe technology developments and the fact that
shoes have become increasingly cushioned, aimed to ease the impact on runners’ legs, running injuries
have not decreased. To better understand the shoe cushioning paradox, we examined impact loading
and the spring-like mechanics of running in a conventional control running shoe and a highly cushioned
maximalist shoe at two training speeds, 10 and 14.5km/h. We found that highly cushioned maximalist
shoes alter spring-like running mechanics and amplify rather than attenuate impact loading. This
surprising outcome was more pronounced at fast running speed (14.5km/h), where ground reaction
force impact peak and loading rate were 10.7% and 12.3% greater, respectively, in the maximalist shoe
compared to the conventional shoe, whereas only a slightly higher impact peak (6.4%) was found at the
10km/h speed with the maximalist shoe. We attribute the greater impact loading with the maximalist
shoes to stifer leg during landing compared to that of running with the conventional shoes. These
discoveries may explain why shoes with more cushioning do not protect against impact-related running
injuries.
...
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