Promoting safe walking among older people : the effects of a physical and cognitive training intervention vs. physical training alone on mobility and falls among older community-dwelling men and women (the PASSWORD study) : design and methods of a randomized controlled trial
Sipilä, S., Tirkkonen, A., Hänninen, T., Laukkanen, P., Alen, M., Fielding, R. A., . . . Törmäkangas, T. (2018). Promoting safe walking among older people : the effects of a physical and cognitive training intervention vs. physical training alone on mobility and falls among older community-dwelling men and women (the PASSWORD study) : design and methods of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics, 18, 215. doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0906-0
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BMC GeriatricsAuthors
Date
2018Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.
Background: Safe and stable walking is a complex process involving the interaction of neuromuscular, sensory and
cognitive functions. As physical and cognitive functions deteriorate with ageing, training of both functions may
have more beneficial effects on walking and falls prevention than either alone. This article describes the study
design, recruitment strategies and interventions of the PASSWORD study investigating whether a combination
of physical and cognitive training (PTCT) has greater effects on walking speed, dual-task cost in walking speed,
fall incidence and executive functions compared to physical training (PT) alone among 70–85-year-old communitydwelling
sedentary or at most moderately physically active men and women.
Methods: Community-dwelling sedentary or at most moderately physically active, men and women living in the city
of Jyväskylä will be recruited and randomized into physical training (PT) and physical and cognitive training (PTCT). The
12-month interventions include supervised training sessions and home exercises. Both groups attend physical training
intervention, which follows the current physical activity guidelines. The PTCT group performes also a web-based
computer program targeting executive functions. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months
thereafter. Falls data are collected during the interventions and the subsequent one-year follow-up. The primary
outcome is 10-m walking speed. Secondary outcomes include 6-min walking distance, dual-task cost in walking
speed, fall incidence and executive function assessed with color Stroop and Trail Making A and B tests.
Explanatory outcomes include e.g. body composition and bone characteristics, physical performance, physical activity,
life-space mobility, fall-related self-efficacy, emotional well-being and personality characteristics.
Discussion: The study is designed to capture the additive and possible synergistic effects of physical and
cognitive training. When completed, the study will provide new knowledge on the effects of physical and cognitive
training on the prevention of walking limitations and rate of falls in older people. The expected results will be of value
in informing strategies designed to promote safe walking among older people and may have a significant health and
socio-economic impact.
...


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BioMed CentralISSN Search the Publication Forum
1471-2318Keywords
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https://converis.jyu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/28273607
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Related funder(s)
Academy of FinlandFunding program(s)
Academy Project, AoF; Postdoctoral Researcher, AoF
Additional information about funding
This study is funded by The Academy of Finland (Grant no: 296843). This grant will cover data collection, management, analysis, and writing the reports. Dr. Fielding’s contribution to this work was also supported by the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679) and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58–1950–4-003. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Professor Kivipelto’s contribution to this work was also supported by the Stiftelse Stocholms Sjukhem; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; Joint Program of Neurodegenerative Disorders–prevention (MIND-AD) grant; Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED) at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. Dr. Törmäkangas’s contribution to this work was supported by the Academy of Finland Postdoctoral Researcher grant (Grant no: 286536).

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