Co-crystallization of atomically precise metal nanoparticles driven by magic atomic and electronic shells

This paper reports co-crystallization of two atomically precise, different-size ligand-stabilized nanoclusters, a spherical (AuAg)267(SR)80 and a smaller trigonal-prismatic (AuAg)45(SR)27(PPh3)6 in 1:1 ratio, characterized fully by X-ray crystallographic analysis (SR = 2,4-SPhMe2). The larger cluster has a four concentric-shell icosahedral structure of Ag@M12@M42@M92@Ag120(SR)80 (M = Au or Ag) with the inner-core M147 icosahedron observed here for metal nanoparticles. The cluster has an open electron shell of 187 delocalized electrons, fully metallic, plasmonic behavior, and a zero HOMO-LUMO energy gap. The smaller cluster has an 18-electron shell closing, a notable HOMO-LUMO energy gap and a molecule-like optical spectrum. This is the first direct demonstration of the simultaneous presence of competing effects (closing of atom vs. electron shells) in nanocluster synthesis and growth, working together to form a co-crystal of different-sized clusters. This observation suggests a strategy that may be helpful in the design of other nanocluster systems via co-crystallization.