Kouluviihtyvyys ja siihen liittyvät tekijät peruskoulussa ja toisen asteen opinnoissa
Abstract
Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, miten peruskoulun
kahdeksasluokkalaiset (N=491) ja toisen asteen opiskelijat (N=200) viihtyivät
opinnoissaan ja mitkä eri tekijät siihen vaikuttivat. Aineisto koottiin kyselylomakkeilla
kahdessa vaiheessa. Alkumittaus tehtiin keväällä 2008, jolloin tutkittavat olivat 8.
luokalla ja uusintamittaus v. 2011–2012, jolloin he opiskelivat toista vuotta toisen
asteen oppilaitoksissa. Tutkittavista 106 osallistui molempiin mittauksiin. Suurin osa
(85,4 %) peruskoulun kahdeksasluokkalaisista viihtyi koulussa hyvin. Tytöt viihtyivät
koulussa paremmin kuin pojat, mutta toisella asteella tyttöjen ja poikien väliset erot
kapenivat. Opettajasuhteen laadun kokemus oli vahvassa yhteydessä sekä
kouluviihtyvyyteen että kouluun kiinnittymiseen. Koulussa hyvin menestyneet
viihtyivät parhaiten ja huonoimmin viihtyivät koulumenestykseltään heikommat ja
osa-aikaiseen erityisopetukseen osallistuneet. Toisella asteella 90,5 % ilmoitti
viihtyvänsä hyvin. Varsinkin suhde opettajiin parani siten, että kun 8. luokalla sen
arvioi hyväksi kolme neljäsosaa, niin vastaavasti toisella asteella yhdeksän
kymmenestä koki suhteen hyväksi. Toisella asteella etenkin poikien suhde opettajiin ja
kouluviihtyvyys paranivat ja heidän uupumuksensa väheni. Sen sijaan tyttöjen usko
menestymismahdollisuuksiinsa väheni toisella asteella. Toisella asteella tutkittiin
kouluviihtyvyyden lisäksi myös kouluun kiinnittymistä. Lukiolaiset olivat
ammattikoululaisia vahvemmin kiinnittyneitä kouluun. Sosiaalinen kompetenssi selitti
voimakkaimmin suhdetta opettajaan ja se oli yhteydessä myös emotionaaliseen
kouluun kiinnittymiseen. Myös vertaisten ja kodin tuella oli yhteys emotionaaliseen
kiinnittymiseen. Mitä paremmin opiskelija viihtyi toisella asteella, sitä vahvemmin hän
myös kiinnittyi kouluun, ja mitä vähemmän uupunut opiskelija oli toisella asteella, sitä
parempaa oli kouluun kiinnittyminen. Itsetunnon merkitys oli suuri, sillä
kahdeksannella luokalla koettu itsetunto selitti parempaa kouluviihtyvyyttä ja
kouluun kiinnittymistä toisella asteella. Sosioemotionaalinen kompetenssi selitti
merkitsevästi kouluviihtyvyyttä ja kouluun kiinnittymistä, mitä voidaan pitää tämän
tutkimuksen tärkeimpänä tuloksena. Vahva sosioemotionaalinen kompetenssi ennusti
kouluviihtyvyyden ja kouluun kiinnittymisen lisääntymistä toisella asteella, kun taas
keskinkertaisen tai alhaisen sosioemotionaalisen kompetenssin omaavilla nuorilla
kouluviihtyvyys ja kouluun kiinnittyminen laskivat toisella asteella. Lasten tunne- ja
vuorovaikutustaitojen vahvistaminen sosioemotionaalista kompetenssia kehittämällä
tulisi aloittaa jo varhain, sillä kouluviihtyvyys ja –viihtymättömyys olivat 8. luokalla ja
toisella asteella kehittyneet jo varsin pysyviksi ominaisuuksiksi.
The aim of this study was to research how satisfied the comprehensive school eighth graders (N=491) and upper secondary level students (N=200) were with school and which different factors influenced school satisfaction. It was also examined how these students engaged with school. Data was collected with surveys in two phases. The first survey was carried out in spring 2008 when the sample group members were in the eighth grade, and the second survey was carried out in years 2011 and 2012 when the sample group members were in their upper secondary level studies. Majority (85,4 %) of the eighth graders in comprehensive school had high level of school satisfaction. Girls had higher school satisfaction than boys, but the differences between boys and girls narrowed in upper secondary level. Reported student-teacher relationship had strong impact both to school satisfaction and school engagement. Those students who performed highly in school were the most satisfied with school. The lowest school satisfaction was reported among those who performed the weakest and participated in part-time special education. In the upper secondary level 90,5 % reported high school satisfaction. Especially the student-teacher relationship improved, in the eighth grade three quarters evaluated the student-teacher relationship as good, but in the upper secondary level nine out of ten evaluated the relationship as good. The reported student-teacher relationship and school satisfaction of boys increased and their burnout decreased in the upper secondary level. On the other hand the girls trust in their success decreased in the upper secondary level. School engagement was also studied in the upper secondary level. General upper secondary school students were more strongly engaged to school than vocational students. Social competence explained most strongly the student-teacher relationship and it was also connected to emotional school engagement. Support of peers and family was also connected to school engagement. The higher the student's school satisfaction was and the less burnout was reported in the upper secondary level, the better the school engagement was. Role of the self-esteem was significant, as the higher self-esteem in the eighth grade was connected to higher school satisfaction and school engagement in the upper secondary level. Socio-emotional competence explained significantly school satisfaction and engagement, which can be considered the most remarkable finding of this study. Strong level of socio-emotional competence predicted higher school satisfaction and engagement in the upper secondary level, but medium or low level of socio-emotional competence predicted lower school satisfaction and engagement in the upper secondary level. The strengthening of children's emotional and interaction skills through developing socioemotional competence should be started early, as school satisfaction and dissatisfaction seem to be quite permanent as early as on the eighth grade and in the upper secondary level.
The aim of this study was to research how satisfied the comprehensive school eighth graders (N=491) and upper secondary level students (N=200) were with school and which different factors influenced school satisfaction. It was also examined how these students engaged with school. Data was collected with surveys in two phases. The first survey was carried out in spring 2008 when the sample group members were in the eighth grade, and the second survey was carried out in years 2011 and 2012 when the sample group members were in their upper secondary level studies. Majority (85,4 %) of the eighth graders in comprehensive school had high level of school satisfaction. Girls had higher school satisfaction than boys, but the differences between boys and girls narrowed in upper secondary level. Reported student-teacher relationship had strong impact both to school satisfaction and school engagement. Those students who performed highly in school were the most satisfied with school. The lowest school satisfaction was reported among those who performed the weakest and participated in part-time special education. In the upper secondary level 90,5 % reported high school satisfaction. Especially the student-teacher relationship improved, in the eighth grade three quarters evaluated the student-teacher relationship as good, but in the upper secondary level nine out of ten evaluated the relationship as good. The reported student-teacher relationship and school satisfaction of boys increased and their burnout decreased in the upper secondary level. On the other hand the girls trust in their success decreased in the upper secondary level. School engagement was also studied in the upper secondary level. General upper secondary school students were more strongly engaged to school than vocational students. Social competence explained most strongly the student-teacher relationship and it was also connected to emotional school engagement. Support of peers and family was also connected to school engagement. The higher the student's school satisfaction was and the less burnout was reported in the upper secondary level, the better the school engagement was. Role of the self-esteem was significant, as the higher self-esteem in the eighth grade was connected to higher school satisfaction and school engagement in the upper secondary level. Socio-emotional competence explained significantly school satisfaction and engagement, which can be considered the most remarkable finding of this study. Strong level of socio-emotional competence predicted higher school satisfaction and engagement in the upper secondary level, but medium or low level of socio-emotional competence predicted lower school satisfaction and engagement in the upper secondary level. The strengthening of children's emotional and interaction skills through developing socioemotional competence should be started early, as school satisfaction and dissatisfaction seem to be quite permanent as early as on the eighth grade and in the upper secondary level.
Main Author
Format
Theses
Doctoral thesis
Published
2018
Series
Subjects
ISBN
978-951-39-7429-9
Publisher
University of Jyväskylä
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-7429-9Use this for linking
ISSN
0075-4625
Language
Finnish
Published in
Jyväskylä studies in education, psychology and social research