Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography
Abstract
The supported monolayer of Au that accompanies alkanethiolate molecules removed by polymer stamps during chemical lift-off lithography is a scarcely studied hybrid material. We show that these Au-alkanethiolate layers on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are transparent, functional, hybrid interfaces that can be patterned over nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter length scales. Unlike other ultrathin Au films and nanoparticles, lifted-off Au-alkanethiolate thin films lack a measurable optical signature. We therefore devised fabrication, characterization, and simulation strategies by which to interrogate the nanoscale structure, chemical functionality, stoichiometry, and spectral signature of the supported Au-thiolate layers. The patterning of these layers laterally encodes their functionality, as demonstrated by a fluorescence-based approach that relies on dye-labeled complementary DNA hybridization. Supported thin Au films can be patterned via features on PDMS stamps (controlled contact), using patterned Au substrates prior tolift-off (e.g., selective wet etching), or by patterning alkanethiols on Au substrates to be reactive in selected regions but not others (controlled reactivity). In all cases, the regions containing Au-alkanethiolate layers have a sub-nanometer apparent height, which was found to be consistent with molecular dynamics simulations that predicted the removal of no more than 1.5 Au atoms per thiol, thus presenting a monolayer-like structure.
Main Authors
Format
Articles
Research article
Published
2017
Series
Subjects
Publication in research information system
Publisher
Beilstein-Institut
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201801031022Use this for linking
Review status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
2190-4286
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.265
Language
English
Published in
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
Citation
- Slaughter, L. S., Cheung, K. M., Kaappa, S., Cao, H. H., Yang, Q., Young, T. D., Serino, A. C., Malola, S., Olson, J. M., Link, S., Häkkinen, H., Andrews, A. M., & Weiss, P. S. (2017). Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 8, 2648-2661. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.265
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Funder(s)
Research Council of Finland
Research Council of Finland
Funding program(s)
Akatemiahanke, SA
Akatemiaprofessorin tutkimuskulut, SA
Academy Project, AoF
Research costs of Academy Professor, AoF
Additional information about funding
The work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Grant #DE-SC-1037004 for fabrication and experimental measurements and the W.M. Keck Foundation Center for Leveraging Sparsity for the development and application of the image analysis tools. A.M.A. thanks the Shirley and Stephan Hatos Foundation for support. S.L. acknowledges support from the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant C-1664). The computational work was supported by grants 294217 and 266492 from the Academy of Finland and by the Academy Professorship for H.H. The simulations were run at the CSC – the Finnish IT Center for Science in Espoo, Finland. S.K. thanks Pekka Kosk-inen for helpful discussions and assistance in preparation of the molecular dynamics simulations. L.S.S. thanks the Merkin Family Foundation for the Merkin Family Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. We thank Dr. Adam Stieg and the Nano Pico Characterization facility at UCLA for assistance with AFM, and Dr. Sergey Prikhodko for assistance with VP-SEM. We thank Profs. Andrea Bertozzi, Peter Nordlander, Ya-Hong Xie, Francisco Zaera, and Dominique Zosso, and Drs. Wei-Shun Chang, Ilkeun Lee, Alejandro Manjavacas, Sergey Ryazantsev and Ming Xia for insightful discussions and preliminary measurements and simulations. We thank Profs. Andrea Kasko, Scott Warren, and Shimon Weiss, and Drs. Steven Hawks, Jaemyung Kim, Nako Nakatsuka, Jeffrey Schwartz, Kristina C. Wilson, and Xiaobin Xu, as well as John M. Abendroth for their input and assistance in preparing this manuscript.
Copyright© 2017 Slaughter et al.; licensee Beilstein-Institut.This is an open access article under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License.