Production of High Amounts of Hepatotoxin Nodularin and New Protease Inhibitors Pseudospumigins by the Brazilian Benthic Nostoc sp. CENA543
Jokela, J., Heinilä, L. M. P., Shishido, T. K., Wahlsten, M., Fewer, D. P., Fiore, M. F., Wang, H., Haapaniemi, E., Permi, P., & Sivonen, K. (2017). Production of High Amounts of Hepatotoxin Nodularin and New Protease Inhibitors Pseudospumigins by the Brazilian Benthic Nostoc sp. CENA543. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, Article 1963. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01963
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Frontiers in MicrobiologyAuthors
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2017Discipline
Solu- ja molekyylibiologiaOrgaaninen kemiaNanoscience CenterCell and Molecular BiologyOrganic ChemistryNanoscience CenterCopyright
Copyright © 2017 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under theterms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Nostoc is a cyanobacterial genus, common in soils and a prolific producer of natural products. This research project aimed to explore and characterize Brazilian cyanobacteria for new bioactive compounds. Here we report the production of hepatotoxins and new protease inhibitors from benthic Nostoc sp. CENA543 isolated from a small, shallow, saline-alkaline lake in the Nhecolândia, Pantanal wetland area in Brazil. Nostoc sp. CENA543 produces exceptionally high amounts of nodularin-R. This is the first free-living Nostoc that produces nodularin at comparable levels as the toxic, bloom-forming, Nodularia spumigena. We also characterized pseudospumigins A–F, which are a novel family of linear tetrapeptides. Pseudospumigins are structurally related to linear tetrapeptide spumigins and aeruginosins both present in N. spumigena but differ in respect to their diagnostic amino acid, which is Ile/Leu/Val in pseudospumigins, Pro/mPro in spumigins, and Choi in aeruginosins. The pseudospumigin gene cluster is more similar to the spumigin biosynthetic gene cluster than the aeruginosin gene cluster. Pseudospumigin A inhibited trypsin (IC50 4.5 μM after 1 h) in a similar manner as spumigin E from N. spumigena but was almost two orders of magnitude less potent. This study identifies another location and environment where the hepatotoxic nodularin has the potential to cause the death of eukaryotic organisms.
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Copyright © 2017 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under theterms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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