Electrophysiological evidence for change detection in sound frequency and duration in mice
Abstract
Ihmisaivot ovat taipuvaiset havaitsemaan muutoksia kuuloympäristössään. Elektrofysiologisissa mittauksissa tämän automaattisen muutoksen havaitsemisen merkkinä voidaan käyttää poikkeavuusnegatiivisuutta (MMN), joka on negatiivinen komponentti herätysvasteessa. Vielä ei kuitenkaan tiedetä, onko hiirillä toiminnallisesti samanlaista vastetta kuin ihmisillä. Tähän kysymykseen vastataksemme nauhoitimme kenttäpotentiaaleja uretaanianestesiassa olevien hiirten kuuloaivokuorelta. Ensimmäisessä kokeessa esitimme hiirille harvinaisia muutoksia (12.5 %) äänen taajuudessa kahdella eri ärsykevälillä (ISI). Toisessa kokeessa hiirille esitettiin lyhennyksiä (45 % ja 35 %) /a/-puheäänissä. Taajuuskokeessa poikkeavuusvaste (MMR) syntyi sekä laskeviin että nouseviin taajuusmuutoksiin. Ärsykevälin pidentäminen johti poikkeavuusvasteen vaimentumiseen, joka johtui heikenneestä muistijäljen muodostumisesta. Myös toisessa kokeessa esitetyt puheäänen pituuden vaihtelut saivat aikaan poikkeavuusvasteen hiirillä. Käytimme myös ensimmäistä kertaa hiirillä kontrollikoetta, jonka tarkoituksena oli selvittää poikkeavuusvasteen hermostollista perustaa. Tulokset tukevat teoriaa, jonka mukaan poikkeavuusvaste perustuisi hiirillä muistipohjaiseen vertailuprosessiin, vastaavasti kuten poikkeavuusnegatiivisuus ihmisillä, ainakin taajuusmuutoksien kohdalla. Yhdessä kokeiden tulokset osoittavat, että poikkeavuusvastetta voidaan jatkossa käyttää hiirimalleissa välineenä tutkia sensoris-kognitiivisia toimintoja. Tämä tulos on hyödyllinen, sillä tarjolla on suuri määrä geneettisiä hiirimalleja, ja lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan kognitiivisten toimintojen, kuten puheen, sekä neuropsykiatristen sairauksien, kuten dysleksian, neurobiologiaan liittyen.
Human brain is prone to encode changes in the auditory environment. In the electrophysiological recordings, this automatic ability can be indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN), a negative component of an event-related potential. However, it remains unsolved, whether a functionally similar response is also elicited in mice. To address this question, we recorded local field potentials from the auditory cortex for the first time in urethane-anesthetized mice. In the first experiment, we presented rare changes (12.5 %) in sound frequencies with two different inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs). In the second experiment, decremental changes (45 % and 35 %) in durations of human speech /a/-sounds were presented. In the frequency change experiment, mismatch response (MMR) was elicited to both ascending and descending changes in frequency. Lengthening of the ISI resulted in attenuation of the MMR, indicating weakened memory trace formation. In the duration change experiment, MMR was elicited to both changes. For the first time in mice, we also applied an equiprobable control condition in both experiments to investigate the neural basis of the MMR. The results support the hypothesis of MMR being created in a memory-based comparison process in mice, similarly to human MMN, at least for frequency changes. Together, these results suggest that MMR can be applied as a research tool to study sensory-cognitive functions in a mouse model. This is especially beneficial because of the large genetic toolbox, which is available for mice and the existing need for more research of the neurobiology of cognitive functions such as speech, as well as of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as dyslexia.
Human brain is prone to encode changes in the auditory environment. In the electrophysiological recordings, this automatic ability can be indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN), a negative component of an event-related potential. However, it remains unsolved, whether a functionally similar response is also elicited in mice. To address this question, we recorded local field potentials from the auditory cortex for the first time in urethane-anesthetized mice. In the first experiment, we presented rare changes (12.5 %) in sound frequencies with two different inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs). In the second experiment, decremental changes (45 % and 35 %) in durations of human speech /a/-sounds were presented. In the frequency change experiment, mismatch response (MMR) was elicited to both ascending and descending changes in frequency. Lengthening of the ISI resulted in attenuation of the MMR, indicating weakened memory trace formation. In the duration change experiment, MMR was elicited to both changes. For the first time in mice, we also applied an equiprobable control condition in both experiments to investigate the neural basis of the MMR. The results support the hypothesis of MMR being created in a memory-based comparison process in mice, similarly to human MMN, at least for frequency changes. Together, these results suggest that MMR can be applied as a research tool to study sensory-cognitive functions in a mouse model. This is especially beneficial because of the large genetic toolbox, which is available for mice and the existing need for more research of the neurobiology of cognitive functions such as speech, as well as of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as dyslexia.
Main Author
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2017
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201708253569Use this for linking
Language
English
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