Higher resource level promotes virulence in an environmentally transmitted bacterial fish pathogen
Kinnula, H., Mappes, J., Valkonen, J., Pulkkinen, K., & Sundberg, L.-R. (2017). Higher resource level promotes virulence in an environmentally transmitted bacterial fish pathogen. Evolutionary Applications, 10(5), 462-470. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12466
Julkaistu sarjassa
Evolutionary ApplicationsTekijät
Päivämäärä
2017Oppiaine
Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologiaBiologisten vuorovaikutusten huippututkimusyksikköEcology and Evolutionary BiologyCentre of Excellence in Biological Interactions ResearchTekijänoikeudet
© 2017 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Diseases have become a primary constraint to sustainable aquaculture, but remarkably little attention has been paid to a broad class of pathogens: the opportunists. Opportunists often persist in the environment outside the host, and their pathogenic features are influenced by changes in the environment. To test how environmental nutrient levels influence virulence, we used strains of Flavobacterium columnare, an environmentally transmitted fish pathogen, to infect rainbow trout and zebra fish in two different nutrient concentrations. To separate the effects of dose and nutrients, we used three infective doses and studied the growth of bacteria in vitro. High nutrient concentration promoted both the virulence and the outside‐host growth of the pathogen, most notably in a low‐virulence strain. The increase in virulence could not be exhaustively explained by the increased dose under higher nutrient supply, suggesting virulence factor activation. In aquaculture settings, accumulation of organic material in rearing units can locally increase water nutrient concentration and therefore increase disease risk as a response to elevated bacterial density and virulence factor activation. Our results highlight the role of increased nutrients in outside‐host environment as a selective agent for higher virulence and faster evolutionary rate in opportunistic pathogens.
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Julkaisija
Wiley-BlackwellISSN Hae Julkaisufoorumista
1752-4571Julkaisu tutkimustietojärjestelmässä
https://converis.jyu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/26933260
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Rahoittaja(t)
Suomen AkatemiaRahoitusohjelmat(t)
Akatemiatutkija, SALisätietoja rahoituksesta
This work was supported by the Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions 2012–2017 (CoE Program of the Academy of Finland #252411 for J.M.), and by Academy of Finland grants #266879 (L.‐R.S.) and #260704 for Prof. Jouni Taskinen (K.P.), and by Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation (L.‐R.S.). We would like to thank Dr. Heidi Kunttu and Dr. Elina Laanto for bacterial strains, Dr. Reetta Penttinen, Mr. Marius Nicolini, Mrs. Irene Helkala, and Mr. Petri Papponen for help in the laboratory, and Dr. Stephen M. Heap for valuable comments. In memory of Professor Jaana Bamford. The authors declare no conflict of interest. ...Lisenssi
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Effect of resource availability on evolution of virulence and competition in an environmentally transmitted pathogen
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High Nutrient Concentration Can Induce Virulence Factor Expression and Cause Higher Virulence in an Environmentally Transmitted Pathogen
Penttinen, Reetta; Kinnula, Hanna; Lipponen, Anssi; Bamford, Jaana; Sundberg, Lotta-Riina (Springer, 2016)Environmentally transmitted opportunistic pathogens shuttle between two substantially different environments: outside-host and within-host habitats. These environments differ from each other especially with respect to ... -
Prevalence of genetically similar Flavobacterium columnare phages across aquaculture environments reveals a strong potential for pathogen control
Runtuvuori‐Salmela, A.; Kunttu, H. M. T.; Laanto, E.; Almeida, G. M. F.; Mäkelä, K.; Middelboe, M.; Sundberg, L‐R. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2022)Intensive aquaculture conditions expose fish to bacterial infections, leading to significant financial losses, extensive antibiotic use and risk of antibiotic resistance in target bacteria. Flavobacterium columnare causes ... -
Genetic and environmental factors associated with the virulence of fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare
Penttinen, Reetta (University of Jyväskylä, 2016) -
Rearing background and exposure environment together explain higher survival of aquaculture fish during a bacterial outbreak
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