Mobility and Unspoken Citizens’ Rights in EU-Documents
Mäkinen, K. (2015). Mobility and Unspoken Citizens’ Rights in EU-Documents. New Zealand Journal of Research on Europe, 9(1), 1-58. https://cdn.auckland.ac.nz/assets/europe/EI%20Journals/ONLINE_Makinen_Mobility%20and%20unspoken%20citizens'%20rights.pdf
Julkaistu sarjassa
New Zealand Journal of Research on EuropeTekijät
Päivämäärä
2015Tekijänoikeudet
© Mäkinen & The Europe Institute at The University of Auckland, 2015. This is an open access article published by The Europe Institute at The University of Auckland.
The formulation of Union citizenship has concentrated on
rights since the 1970s. In the Maastricht and subsequent EU treaties,
Union citizenship is defined through rights. Against this background,
discussion on rights in the EU documents on citizenship analysed in
this article is surprisingly scarce. The research material consists of
15 documents produced by EU institutions in 2003–2007 as part of
three programmes on citizenship.
In the documents, the discussion on rights focuses on mobility
instead of other aspects of rights. Electoral rights and fundamental
rights are discussed a little, but in general, the minuscule discussion
on rights is dominated by discussions on freedom of mobility, which
appears to be the most important right of the Union citizen. Union
citizenship is understood above all as citizenship of a mobile person
and as a status guaranteeing freedom of movement. Conception of
free movement as the core of citizens’ rights keep up the citizenship
discussions in the history of integration.
Freedom for mobility lies also in the core of the area of
freedom, security and justice – an area construct discussed in the
documents. Both Union citizenship and the area of freedom, security
and justice are innovations, through which EU can use power in the
nation states’ traditional fields of action: border control and
citizenship. The central position given to the freedom of mobility
and its connection with the economy as well as understanding
citizenship rather as a status than practice link the Union citizenship
formulated in the rights discussions to the liberalist tradition. Discussions on freedom of mobility imply both promoting and
regulating mobility as well as crossing and drawing borders. In this
kind of discussions on rights, Union citizenship appears as a
category with which people and mobility as well as the entire
integration can be governed. These discussions do not promote
citizenship as political agency.
...
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