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dc.contributor.authorHulmi, Juha
dc.contributor.authorIsola, Ville
dc.contributor.authorSuonpää, Marianna
dc.contributor.authorJärvinen, Neea J.
dc.contributor.authorKokkonen, Marja
dc.contributor.authorWennerström, Annika
dc.contributor.authorNyman, Kai
dc.contributor.authorPerola, Markus
dc.contributor.authorAhtiainen, Juha
dc.contributor.authorHäkkinen, Keijo
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-11T10:46:30Z
dc.date.available2017-01-11T10:46:30Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.citationHulmi, J., Isola, V., Suonpää, M., Järvinen, N. J., Kokkonen, M., Wennerström, A., Nyman, K., Perola, M., Ahtiainen, J., & Häkkinen, K. (2017). The effects of intensive weight reduction on body composition and serum hormones in female fitness competitors. <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>, <i>7</i>, Article 689. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00689" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00689</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_26448372
dc.identifier.otherTUTKAID_72447
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/52692
dc.description.abstractWorries about the potential negative consequences of popular fat loss regimens for aesthetic purposes in normal weight females have been surfacing in the media. However, longitudinal studies investigating these kinds of diets are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 4-month fat-loss diet in normal weight females competing in fitness-sport. In total 50 participants finished the study with 27 females (27.2 ± 4.1 years) dieting for a competition and 23 (27.7 ± 3.7 years) acting as weight-stable controls. The energy deficit of the diet group was achieved by reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing aerobic exercise while maintaining a high level of protein intake and resistance training in addition to moderate fat intake. The diet led to a ∼12% decrease in body weight (P < 0.001) and a ∼35–50% decrease in fat mass (DXA, bioimpedance, skinfolds, P < 0.001) whereas the control group maintained their body and fat mass (diet × group interaction P < 0.001). A small decrease in lean mass (bioimpedance and skinfolds) and in vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area (ultrasound) were observed in diet (P < 0.05), whereas other results were unaltered (DXA: lean mass, ultrasound: triceps brachii thickness). The hormonal system was altered during the diet with decreased serum concentrations of leptin, triiodothyronine (T3), testosterone (P < 0.001), and estradiol (P < 0.01) coinciding with an increased incidence of menstrual irregularities (P < 0.05). Body weight and all hormones except T3 and testosterone returned to baseline during a 3–4 month recovery period including increased energy intake and decreased levels aerobic exercise. This study shows for the first time that most of the hormonal changes after a 35–50% decrease in body fat in previously normal-weight females can recover within 3–4 months of increased energy intake.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherFrontiers Research Foundation
dc.relation.ispartofseriesFrontiers in Physiology
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.subject.otherfat loss
dc.subject.otherexercise
dc.subject.otherfitness
dc.subject.otherthyroid hormones
dc.titleThe effects of intensive weight reduction on body composition and serum hormones in female fitness competitors
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201701091089
dc.contributor.laitosLiikuntatieteellinen tiedekuntafi
dc.contributor.laitosFaculty of Sport and Health Sciencesen
dc.contributor.oppiaineLiikuntafysiologiafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineLiikuntapedagogiikkafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineValmennus- ja testausoppifi
dc.contributor.oppiaineExercise Physiologyen
dc.contributor.oppiaineSport Pedagogyen
dc.contributor.oppiaineScience of Sport Coaching and Fitness Testingen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.date.updated2017-01-09T07:15:10Z
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.relation.issn1664-042X
dc.relation.numberinseries0
dc.relation.volume7
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© 2017 the Authors.
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.relation.grantnumber275922
dc.subject.ysokehonkoostumus
dc.subject.ysosukupuolihormonit
dc.subject.ysoravinto
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p26989
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p10984
jyx.subject.urihttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p3671
dc.rights.urlhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.relation.doi10.3389/fphys.2016.00689
dc.relation.funderSuomen Akatemiafi
dc.relation.funderResearch Council of Finlanden
jyx.fundingprogramAkatemiatutkija, SAfi
jyx.fundingprogramAcademy Research Fellow, AoFen
jyx.fundinginformationThis work was financially supported by the Academy of Finland (grant No. 275922 to JH and No. 269517 to MP), Finnish Fitness Sports Association and Department of Biology of Physical Activity.
dc.type.okmA1


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