Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency
Taipale, S. J., Galloway, A. W. E., Aalto, S. L., Kahilainen, K. K., Strandberg, U., & Kankaala, P. (2016). Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency. Scientific Reports, 6, Article 30897. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30897
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2016Copyright
© the Authors, 2016. This is an open access article published by Nature and distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons License.
Freshwater food webs can be partly supported by terrestrial primary production, often deriving from
plant litter of surrounding catchment vegetation. Although consisting mainly of poorly bioavailable
lignin, with low protein and lipid content, the carbohydrates from fallen tree leaves and shoreline
vegetation may be utilized by aquatic consumers. Here we show that during phytoplankton
deficiency, zooplankton (Daphnia magna) can benefit from terrestrial particulate organic matter
by using terrestrial-origin carbohydrates for energy and sparing essential fatty acids and amino
acids for somatic growth and reproduction. Assimilated terrestrial-origin fatty acids from shoreline
reed particles exceeded available diet, indicating that Daphnia may convert a part of their dietary
carbohydrates to saturated fatty acids. This conversion was not observed with birch leaf diets, which
had lower carbohydrate content. Subsequent analysis of 21 boreal and subarctic lakes showed that
diet of herbivorous zooplankton is mainly based on high-quality phytoplankton rich in essential
polyunsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of low-quality diets (bacteria and terrestrial particulate
organic matter) was <28% of the assimilated carbon. Taken collectively, the incorporation of terrestrial
carbon into zooplankton was not directly related to the concentration of terrestrial organic matter in
experiments or lakes, but rather to the low availability of phytoplankton.
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