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dc.contributor.authorSilva, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorVilar, Luís
dc.contributor.authorDavids, Keith
dc.contributor.authorAraújo, Duarte
dc.contributor.authorGarganta, Júlio
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-16T07:12:01Z
dc.date.available2016-03-16T07:12:01Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.citationSilva, P., Vilar, L., Davids, K., Araújo, D., & Garganta, J. (2016). Sports teams as complex adaptive systems: manipulating player numbers shapes behaviours during football small-sided games. <i>SpringerPlus</i>, <i>5</i>(1), Article 191. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1813-5" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1813-5</a>
dc.identifier.otherCONVID_25574429
dc.identifier.otherTUTKAID_69326
dc.identifier.urihttps://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49059
dc.description.abstractSmall-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs) in sport have been modelled as complex adaptive systems. Research has shown that the relative space per player (RSP) formulated in SSCGs can impact on emergent tactical behaviours. In this study we adopted a systems orientation to analyse how different RSP values, obtained through manipulations of player numbers, influenced four measures of interpersonal coordination observed during performance in SSCGs. For this purpose we calculated positional data (GPS 15 Hz) from ten U-15 football players performing in three SSCGs varying in player numbers (3v3, 4v4 and 5v5). Key measures of SSCG system behaviours included values of (1) players’ dispersion, (2) teams’ separateness, (3) coupling strength and time delays between participants’ emerging movements, respectively. Results showed that values of participants’ dispersion increased, but the teams’ separateness remained identical across treatments. Coupling strength and time delay also showed consistent values across SSCGs. These results exemplified how complex adaptive systems, like football teams, can harness inherent degeneracy to maintain similar team spatial–temporal relations with opponents through changes in inter-individual coordination modes (i.e., players’ dispersion). The results imply that different team behaviours might emerge at different ratios of field dimension/player numbers. Therefore, sport pedagogists should carefully evaluate the effects of changing RSP in SSCGs as a way of promoting increased or decreased pressure on players.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringerOpen
dc.relation.ispartofseriesSpringerPlus
dc.subject.othersmall-sided games
dc.subject.otherconditioned games
dc.subject.otherteam games
dc.subject.otherrelative space per player
dc.subject.otheremergent behaviours
dc.subject.otherdegeneracy
dc.titleSports teams as complex adaptive systems: manipulating player numbers shapes behaviours during football small-sided games
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201603031766
dc.contributor.laitosLiikuntakasvatuksen laitosfi
dc.contributor.laitosDepartment of Sport Sciencesen
dc.contributor.oppiaineLiikuntapedagogiikkafi
dc.contributor.oppiaineSport Pedagogyen
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
dc.date.updated2016-03-03T10:15:03Z
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.description.reviewstatuspeerReviewed
dc.relation.issn2193-1801
dc.relation.numberinseries1
dc.relation.volume5
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dc.rights.copyright© 2016 Silva et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
dc.rights.accesslevelopenAccessfi
dc.rights.urlhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.relation.doi10.1186/s40064-016-1813-5
dc.type.okmA1


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© 2016 Silva et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2016 Silva et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.