Tekninen velka hallinnoinnin näkökulmasta : tunnusta, tunnista ja rajoita
Abstract
Teknisen velan määrää nykyisissä ohjelmistoissa ei tiedetä tarkasti, eikä ole
tarkkaa tietoa myöskään sen hinnasta, mutta globaalin IT-velan on ennustettu
mahdollisesti nousevan yhteen triljoonaan dollariin vuoden 2015 aikana. Teknisen
velan vaikutukset taas ulottuvat kaikkiin ohjelmistotuotantoyrityksiin ja
niiden kautta käyttäjiin ja näin ollen koko ympäröivään maailman. Tutkielmassa
käsitellään teknistä velkaa, mitä tekninen velka on, mistä teknisen velan hallinnointi
koostuu ja kuinka teknistä velkaa hallinnoidaan. Tutkielman tutkimusmenetelmänä
on kirjallisuuskatsaus, jonka kautta asioita käsitellään. Teknisen
velan metafora on esitelty jo 1990-luvulla, jolloin sen perusteena oli hätäisesti
tehty koodi. Tämän jälkeen metaforaa, ja määritelmää yleisesti, on laajennettu
koskemaan lähes kaikkia ohjelmistotuotantoon kuuluvia asioita ja tätäkin
laajemmin. Yleistäen voitaneen sanoa, että tekninen velka on jokin ohjelmistossa
oleva tai siihen liittyvä asia, joka haittaa sujuvaa ohjelmiston jatkokehitystä
tai ylläpitoa ja lisäksi sillä on merkittävä rahallinen vaikutus. Toisaalta tekninen
velka on hyvin monitahoinen, vivahteikas ja hankalakin asia, johon ei löydy
yhtä yksiselitteistä vastausta, vaan se on aina riippuvainen myös kontekstista,
jossa sitä käytetään. On hyvä myös huomata, että teknistä velkaa syntyy kaikilla
organisaation tasoilla ja että tekninen velka on koko organisaation yhteinen
asia. Teknisen velan hallinnoinnilla hoidetaan ja seurataan muun muassa teknisten
velkojen hinnan muodostumista, priorisointia, takaisinmaksua ja koron
kasvua. Teknisen velan hallinnointi nähdään hyvin tärkeänä välineenä hallita
niin ohjelmistojen laatua kuin niiden kustannuksiakin, unohtamatta kilpailutilanteita
ja liiketoiminnallisia strategioita. Teknisen velan hallinnointiin on vähänlaisesti
työkaluja, eivätkä ne kata kaikkia hallinnoinnin osa-alueita. Toisaalta
se, millä välineillä hallinnointia hoidetaan, ei lopulta ole ratkaisevaa, kunhan
kaikki osapuolet ovat aina tietoisia teknisen velan kulloisestakin tilanteesta.
Tutkielman lopputuloksena ovat yleiskuvaukset teknisestä velasta, sen hallinnoinnista
sekä näiden merkityksestä.
The amount of the technical debt in existing software is not known, and there is no accurate information on either of its price, but it has been estimated that the global IT debt has potential to rise to one trillion dollars in 2015. Implications of technical debt are reaching out to all software engineering companies and through them to the surrounding world. This thesis concerns technical debt and technical debt management. Research method used in this thesis is a literature review, through which the issues will be addressed. Technical debt metaphor has been introduced already in the 1990s, when it based on the ‘not-so-good’ code. After this, the metaphor, and the definition in general, has been extended to almost all matters falling within the software development process and even more broadly. In general, it can be said that the technical debt is any issue in the software or any related issue that hampers the smooth software further development or its maintenance, and in addition, that issue has a significant financial impact. On the other hand, the technical debt is very complex, nuanced and a difficult subject. Technical debt is also always dependent on the contexts in which it is used. It is also very important to notice that technical debt can be caused by all levels of an organization. Technical debt management is used for example to handle technical debt principal, prioritization, repayment and interest rate growth. Management of technical debt is seen as a very important tool to manage both software quality and its costs, not forgetting the competition conditions and business strategies. The management of technical debt has only few tools, and those do not cover all areas of technical debt management. On the other hand, it is not important which tools are used to manage technical debt, as long as all stakeholders are always aware of the situation with the respective technical debt. As a result, this thesis gives general descriptions of the technical debt and its management with associated activities.
The amount of the technical debt in existing software is not known, and there is no accurate information on either of its price, but it has been estimated that the global IT debt has potential to rise to one trillion dollars in 2015. Implications of technical debt are reaching out to all software engineering companies and through them to the surrounding world. This thesis concerns technical debt and technical debt management. Research method used in this thesis is a literature review, through which the issues will be addressed. Technical debt metaphor has been introduced already in the 1990s, when it based on the ‘not-so-good’ code. After this, the metaphor, and the definition in general, has been extended to almost all matters falling within the software development process and even more broadly. In general, it can be said that the technical debt is any issue in the software or any related issue that hampers the smooth software further development or its maintenance, and in addition, that issue has a significant financial impact. On the other hand, the technical debt is very complex, nuanced and a difficult subject. Technical debt is also always dependent on the contexts in which it is used. It is also very important to notice that technical debt can be caused by all levels of an organization. Technical debt management is used for example to handle technical debt principal, prioritization, repayment and interest rate growth. Management of technical debt is seen as a very important tool to manage both software quality and its costs, not forgetting the competition conditions and business strategies. The management of technical debt has only few tools, and those do not cover all areas of technical debt management. On the other hand, it is not important which tools are used to manage technical debt, as long as all stakeholders are always aware of the situation with the respective technical debt. As a result, this thesis gives general descriptions of the technical debt and its management with associated activities.
Main Author
Format
Theses
Bachelor thesis
Published
2016
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201603111821Use this for linking
Language
Finnish