Maturation of the auditory evoked N400m semantic response
Abstract
Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin semanttisen prosessoinnin kehityksellisiä muutoksia hermostollisella tasolla. Tutkimukseen osallistuneilta koehenkilöiltä mitattiin merkityksen käsittelyyn liittyviä N400m-vasteita käyttäen magnetoenkefalografia (MEG). Vasteet mitattiin sekä toisiinsa semanttisesti sopiviin, että epäsopiviin kuva-sana pareihin. Vasemman ja oikean aivopuoliskon vasteet analysoitiin erikseen. Tyypillisesti kehittyvien lapsiryhmien (6-7, 9-10 ja 12-13 vuotta, N = 32) sekä aikuisten (N = 10) vasteita verrattiin keskenään. Tulosten perusteella semanttinen manipulaatio toimi odotusten mukaisesti kaikilla ikäryhmillä: kun semanttinen odotus rikottiin, vasteet voimistuivat. Lasten ja aikuisten semanttisesta prosessoinnista löytyi olennaisia eroja vasteiden ajoitukseen ja lokaatioon liittyen. Ensinnäkin vasteiden latenssi ja kesto olivat sitä pidempiä, mitä nuorempi koehenkilö oli kyseessä. Toiseksi, iän myötä tapahtui muutoksia aivopuoliskojen työnjaossa siten, että lapsilla merkityksen prosessointia tapahtui molemmissa hemisfääreissä tai se painottui oikeaan hemisfääriin, kun taas nuorilla ja aikuisilla prosessointi painottui vasempaan hemisfääriin. Kolmanneksi, kaikilla lapsiryhmillä ennalta vihjeistetyn eli semanttisesti sopivan sanan hermostollinen prosessointi oli tehottomampaa kuin aikuisilla. Nuorilla aktivaation voimakkuus, ajoitus ja lateralisaatio olivat samantyyppisiä kuin aikuisilla, mikä viittaisi siihen, että merkittävimmät semanttisen prosessoinnin kehitykselliset muutokset tapahtuvat 10,5–12 vuoden iässä. Tuloksemme osoittavat, että semanttiseen prosessointiin liittyvät hermostolliset mekanismit kypsyvät pitkälle kouluikään. Tulokset aivopuoliskojen työnjaon kehityksellisistä muutoksista korostavat tarkasti aktivaation sijainnin havaitsevien tekniikoiden, kuten MEG:n käytön tarpeellisuutta tutkittaessa semanttista prosessointia.
Present study was designed to investigate the developmental changes in the neurophysiological markers of semantic processing. In order to do this, auditory evoked neural responses to semantically matching and non-matching picture-word pairs were recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG) method. Responses from the left and the right hemisphere were analysed separately. The N400m, response consistently associated with semantic processing, was compared across three age groups of typically developing children (6-7, 9-10 and 12-13 year olds, N = 32) and adults (N = 10). In general the semantic manipulation appeared as expected in all age groups: when the semantic expectation was violated, the responses were enhanced. However, many differences between children and adults were found in timing and hemispheric distribution of semantic processing. First, the younger the child, the longer the latencies and durations of neural responses were. Second, an age-related shift from more bilateral or right hemisphere lateralised to more left-hemisphere lateralised semantic processing was detected. Third, the influence of semantic priming to neural network efficiency in matching condition was weaker in all child groups in comparison to adults. Adolescents in this study displayed an adultlike activation pattern with respect to strength, timing and lateralisation of semantic effect. This suggests that the clearest developmental changes in semantic processing take place at around 10.5-12 years of age. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that the maturation of mechanisms underlying semantic processing continues well into school age. The findings on developmental lateralisation underscore the importance of using spatially accurate methods such as MEG when studying semantic processing.
Present study was designed to investigate the developmental changes in the neurophysiological markers of semantic processing. In order to do this, auditory evoked neural responses to semantically matching and non-matching picture-word pairs were recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG) method. Responses from the left and the right hemisphere were analysed separately. The N400m, response consistently associated with semantic processing, was compared across three age groups of typically developing children (6-7, 9-10 and 12-13 year olds, N = 32) and adults (N = 10). In general the semantic manipulation appeared as expected in all age groups: when the semantic expectation was violated, the responses were enhanced. However, many differences between children and adults were found in timing and hemispheric distribution of semantic processing. First, the younger the child, the longer the latencies and durations of neural responses were. Second, an age-related shift from more bilateral or right hemisphere lateralised to more left-hemisphere lateralised semantic processing was detected. Third, the influence of semantic priming to neural network efficiency in matching condition was weaker in all child groups in comparison to adults. Adolescents in this study displayed an adultlike activation pattern with respect to strength, timing and lateralisation of semantic effect. This suggests that the clearest developmental changes in semantic processing take place at around 10.5-12 years of age. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that the maturation of mechanisms underlying semantic processing continues well into school age. The findings on developmental lateralisation underscore the importance of using spatially accurate methods such as MEG when studying semantic processing.
Main Authors
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2014
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201602291718Use this for linking
Language
English
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