Liikunta terveyden edistäjänä lukion terveystiedon oppikirjoissa
Abstract
Fyysisellä aktiivisuudella on myönteisiä vaikutuksia fyysiseen, psyykkiseen ja
sosiaaliseen terveyteen. Siten liikunnan harrastaminen on terveyttä merkittävästi edistävä
elämäntapa. Nuorten kunto on heikentynyt ja elintapoihin liittyvien sairauksien määrä
kasvanut. Tutkimukset osoittavat, että lapsena ja nuorena fyysisesti aktiivisesti elänyt
ihminen on todennäköisesti aikuisenakin aktiivinen. Näiden seikkojen perusteella on
tärkeää, että nuorten liikuntaan liittyvää terveysosaamista kehitetään peruskoulun
jälkeenkin toisen asteen koulutuksessa.
Tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli tarkastella liikuntaan liittyvän terveysosaaminen kehittämistä
lukion terveystiedossa. Tutkimusaineisto koostui kuuden oppikirjasarjan pakollisen
Terveyden perusteet TE1 -kurssin ja syventävän Nuoret, terveys ja arkielämä TE2 -
kurssin oppikirjoista. Niiden sisältöä vertailtiin terveystiedon ja liikunnan opetukselle
valtakunnallisissa opetussuunnitelman perusteissa asetettuihin tavoitteisiin. Tutkimuksen
lähtökohtana toimi liikunta–kunto-terveys-viitekehys (Bouchard & Shephard 1994). Sen
mukaan liikunnan, kunnon ja terveyden välillä vallitsee vuorovaikutteisia yhteyksiä, ja
niitä säätelevät perimä, elintavat ja yksilölliset ominaisuudet sekä sosiaaliset tekijät ja
ympäristötekijät. Tutkimus oli laadullinen tutkimus, jossa oppikirjat analysoitiin
sisällönanalyysin menetelmillä. Analyysi oli teoriasidonnaista edeten aluksi
aineistolähtöisesti ja muuttuen lopussa teorialähtöiseksi.
Tutkimustulosten mukaan oppikirjojen liikuntaan liittyvät sisällöt ovat pitkälti
samanlaisia. Kaikissa kirjasarjoissa käsitellään liikunnan vaikutuksia terveyteen.
Kirjoissa painottuu liikunnan vaikutukset fyysiseen terveyteen psyykkisen ja sosiaalisen
terveyden käsittelyn kustannuksella. Liikunnan vaikutuksia aivotoimintaan käsitellään
kolmessa kirjasarjassa kuudesta. Kirjoissa käsitellään kuntoa pääsääntöisesti
yksityiskohtaisesti urheiluvalmennuksen näkökulmasta. Liikuntaohjelma laaditaan
suurimmassa osassa kirjasarjoista, mutta vain osassa sen lähtökohtana ovat oppilaan arki
ja omat tarpeet. Nuoren kokemusmaailman vähäinen hyödyntäminen leimaa kirjojen
sisältöä. Sisältöjen jaotteluissa pakollisen kurssin kirjan ja syventävän kurssin kirjan
välillä on eroja kirjasarjojen välillä. Siksi oppilaat eri kouluissa ovat eriarvoisessa
asemassa opetuksen suhteen, eikä kaikilla ole sama tieto- ja taitopohja pakollisen kurssin
jälkeen.
Physical activity has several positive effects to health. Therefore playing sports is part of the way of life that improves health. Finnish children are having poorer condition and the amount of lifestyle-based diseases is growing. The research results indicate that a person who was living physically actively as a child and young is likely to live physically actively as an adult too. Because of these facts, teaching the knowledge and skills in sports is important even after basic education in both general upper secondary school and vocational upper secondary school. The purpose of this study was to review the teaching of sports related health literacy in the health education in general upper secondary school. The material of the research consisted of text books in the compulsory course Foundation of health TE1 and specialisation course Young people, health and everyday life TE2 from six different series of books. The content of those books was compared to goals written in the National Core Curriculum in health education and physical education. The starting point for the study was sports-conditionhealth- framework (Bouchard & Shephard 1994). According to it there are interactive connections between sports, condition and health and they are regulated by heredity, lifestyle and individual characteristics as well as social factors and environmental factors. Methodologically, the research can be defined as a qualitative study where the study books were analysed with methods to analyse the content. The analysing process was theory bonded. In the beginning the material drove the analysing process and then theory drove in the end. According the results there are no significant differences between the study books. The effects exercise has on health are presented in every series of books. The focus is on physical health at mental health’s and social health’s expense. The effects exercise has on brain activity are presented in three series of six. The physical condition is mainly approached from coaching point of view and described very detailed. The exercise programme is planned in almost every series but young people’s everyday life and needs are taking into account in only few series. The lack of exploiting the young people’s experiences is characterizing text books. There are differences between series when it comes to dividing content between books in compulsory and specialisation course. Therefore the students in different schools are unequal position: they all do not have the same knowledge when they have studied the compulsory course.
Physical activity has several positive effects to health. Therefore playing sports is part of the way of life that improves health. Finnish children are having poorer condition and the amount of lifestyle-based diseases is growing. The research results indicate that a person who was living physically actively as a child and young is likely to live physically actively as an adult too. Because of these facts, teaching the knowledge and skills in sports is important even after basic education in both general upper secondary school and vocational upper secondary school. The purpose of this study was to review the teaching of sports related health literacy in the health education in general upper secondary school. The material of the research consisted of text books in the compulsory course Foundation of health TE1 and specialisation course Young people, health and everyday life TE2 from six different series of books. The content of those books was compared to goals written in the National Core Curriculum in health education and physical education. The starting point for the study was sports-conditionhealth- framework (Bouchard & Shephard 1994). According to it there are interactive connections between sports, condition and health and they are regulated by heredity, lifestyle and individual characteristics as well as social factors and environmental factors. Methodologically, the research can be defined as a qualitative study where the study books were analysed with methods to analyse the content. The analysing process was theory bonded. In the beginning the material drove the analysing process and then theory drove in the end. According the results there are no significant differences between the study books. The effects exercise has on health are presented in every series of books. The focus is on physical health at mental health’s and social health’s expense. The effects exercise has on brain activity are presented in three series of six. The physical condition is mainly approached from coaching point of view and described very detailed. The exercise programme is planned in almost every series but young people’s everyday life and needs are taking into account in only few series. The lack of exploiting the young people’s experiences is characterizing text books. There are differences between series when it comes to dividing content between books in compulsory and specialisation course. Therefore the students in different schools are unequal position: they all do not have the same knowledge when they have studied the compulsory course.
Main Author
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2015
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201512224126Use this for linking
Language
Finnish