Anaerobic dry fermentation of dried chicken manure and kitchen waste
Abstract
Kananlannan ja ruokajätteen määrä, jätteiden aiheuttamat ympäristöongelmat sekä
resurssipula fossiilisten lannoitevalmisteiden osalta kasvavat sekä Suomessa että
globaalisti. Anaerobisella käsittelyllä orgaanisten jätteiden sisältämä energia on
hyödynnettävissä biokaasun muodossa. Biokaasun ohella syntyvää mädätejäännöstä
voidaan hyödyntää lannoitteena, sillä syötteen ravinteet eivät katoa prosessin aikana. Tässä
työssä tutkittiin kuivatetun kananlannan ja tuoreen keittiöjätteen yhteismädätystä kyseisten
jakeiden sisältämien energian ja ravinteiden hyödyntämiseksi. Aluksi jätejakeiden sekä
niiden erilaisten yhdistelmien metaanintuottopotentiaalia tutkittiin panoskokein 35 °C
lämpötilassa. Jätejakeista muodostetun sekoituksen biokaasun tuottoa tutkittiin
puolijatkuvassa reaktorissa 35 °C lämpötilassa. Syntyvän mädätteen lannoitepotentiaalia
tutkittiin typen ja fosforin pitoisuuksien perusteella.
Panoskokeissa metaanin (CH4) tuoton kannalta tuottoisin jäteyhdistelmä oli 10 %
kananlantaa ja 90 % keittiöjätettä orgaanisena kiintoaineena (VS) ilmoitettuna, tuottaen
398,5 mlCH4/gVS. Kananlannan suurempi osuus seoksessa heikensi kaasuntuottoa (340.8
– 367.7 mlCH4/gVS) johtuen lannan heikosta biohajoavuudesta. Kananlannan ja
keittiöjätteen metaanintuottopotentiaalit olivat 301.1 ja 411.1 mlCH4/gVS. Puolijatkuvassa
prosessissa jäteseos tuotti 388.2 mlCH4/gVS 3 gVS/l/d orgaanisella syötollä, eikä
inhibitiota havaittu. Vakaita olosuhteita ei kuitenkaan saavutettu, joten pitkäaikaisia,
jatkuvatoimisia kokeita tarvitaan tulosten vahvistamiseksi. Tulosten perusteella kuivatun
kananlannan ja keittiöjätteen yhteismädätys kuivaprosessilla on teknisesti mahdollista ja
metaanin muodostus tuottoisaa, mutta typen syötön tulee olla matala inhibition
ehkäisemiseksi.
Mädätteen ravinnepitoisuudet olivat typen osalta 4 g/l ja fosforin osalta 0,3 g/l.
Ravinnepitoisuus ja typen ja fosforin suhde (13:1) ylsi kaupallisten biolannoitteiden tasolle
(N:P -suhde 11 – 14:1). Mädätteen kokonaistypen ja -fosforin suhde oli hieman korkea,
jolloin typpipitoisuus voi rajoittaa lannoitekäyttöä. Lannoitekäyttö on mahdollista mailla,
joiden viljavuus on hyvä tai joiden fosforilannoitusta on vähennettävä.
Generation of chicken manure and food waste, their resulting environmental problems and resource scarcity on fossil fertilizer production are increasing in Finland and globally. Anaerobic digestion is a sustainable environmental technology that can be used for recovering the energy in organic waste in the form of biogas. In addition, digestate generated alongside biogas can be used as a source of fertilizer since the process preserves fed nutrients. Co-dry fermentation of dried chicken manure and fresh kitchen waste was studied in an anaerobic digestion process to recover the energy and nutrients in the studied substrates. At first, methane potential of the two waste fractions and their mixtures was determined in biological methane potential (BMP) –tests at 35 °C. The biogas production of the waste mixture was studied in a semi-continuous plug-flow reactor at 35 °C. Later, the fertilizer potential of generated digestate was evaluated based on the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. BMP results show that the highest methane production of 398.5 mlCH4/g volatile solids (VS) added was obtained when the waste mixture consisted of 10 % chicken manure + 90 % kitchen waste on VS basis. Increase in chicken manure in the waste mixture decreased the methane production (340.8 – 367.7 mlCH4/gVS) due to low biodegradability of chicken manure. BMP’s of chicken manure and kitchen waste produced 301.1 and 411.1 ml CH4/gVS, respectively. In the semi-continuous dry fermentation process, methane production was 388.2 mlCH4/gVS at 3 gVS/l/d organic loading rate and no process inhibition was observed. However, steady-state conditions were not achieved and further long-term semi-continuous reactor studies are needed to confirm these results. Based on the results, co-digestion of dried chicken manure and kitchen waste by dry fermentation is feasible and productive but nitrogen feed should be low in order to prevent inhibition. Chemical analyses showed that nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the digestate were 4 g/l and 0.3 g/l respectively and were comparable to that of commercial bio-fertilizers (11 – 14:1 N:P). The total N:P ratio in the digestate was high (13:1) and thus may limit its use on soils with high N content. However, fertilizer application is possible in soils with high P level or in soils where P fertilization is to be decreased.
Generation of chicken manure and food waste, their resulting environmental problems and resource scarcity on fossil fertilizer production are increasing in Finland and globally. Anaerobic digestion is a sustainable environmental technology that can be used for recovering the energy in organic waste in the form of biogas. In addition, digestate generated alongside biogas can be used as a source of fertilizer since the process preserves fed nutrients. Co-dry fermentation of dried chicken manure and fresh kitchen waste was studied in an anaerobic digestion process to recover the energy and nutrients in the studied substrates. At first, methane potential of the two waste fractions and their mixtures was determined in biological methane potential (BMP) –tests at 35 °C. The biogas production of the waste mixture was studied in a semi-continuous plug-flow reactor at 35 °C. Later, the fertilizer potential of generated digestate was evaluated based on the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. BMP results show that the highest methane production of 398.5 mlCH4/g volatile solids (VS) added was obtained when the waste mixture consisted of 10 % chicken manure + 90 % kitchen waste on VS basis. Increase in chicken manure in the waste mixture decreased the methane production (340.8 – 367.7 mlCH4/gVS) due to low biodegradability of chicken manure. BMP’s of chicken manure and kitchen waste produced 301.1 and 411.1 ml CH4/gVS, respectively. In the semi-continuous dry fermentation process, methane production was 388.2 mlCH4/gVS at 3 gVS/l/d organic loading rate and no process inhibition was observed. However, steady-state conditions were not achieved and further long-term semi-continuous reactor studies are needed to confirm these results. Based on the results, co-digestion of dried chicken manure and kitchen waste by dry fermentation is feasible and productive but nitrogen feed should be low in order to prevent inhibition. Chemical analyses showed that nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the digestate were 4 g/l and 0.3 g/l respectively and were comparable to that of commercial bio-fertilizers (11 – 14:1 N:P). The total N:P ratio in the digestate was high (13:1) and thus may limit its use on soils with high N content. However, fertilizer application is possible in soils with high P level or in soils where P fertilization is to be decreased.
Main Author
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2014
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201502121297Use this for linking
Language
English